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Earthquake Review
______ 1. compression
a. ductile stress causing rock layers to bend
______ 2. fault
b. a break in rock where the surrounding rock slides
______ 3. shear stress
c. stress that squeezes and shortens rock
______ 4. tension
d. stress that distorts rock by pushing parts of it in opposite directions
______ 5. fold
e. stress that stretches and pulls rock apart
______ 6. What is deformation?
a. Folding of the asthenosphere.
c. Collision and divergence.
b. Bending, tilting, and breaking of Earth’s crust.
d. Equilibrium in the crust.
______ 7. What is strain?
a. Stretching of rock
c. The same as stress
b. Any change in rock from stress
d. Rock being pulled apart
______ 8. Which of the following describes a fracture?
a. a break in rock where one block slides relative to another
b. rock that bends rather than breaks
c. a break in rock where there is no movement of surrounding rock d. a break in rock that cannot be repaired
_____ 9. S wave
a. seismic wave that can travel through solids, liquids, and gases
_____ 10. elastic rebound
b. a large ocean wave formed after a volcanic eruption, underwater earthquake, or
_____ 11. body wave
landslide
_____ 12. P wave
c. seismic wave that can only travel through solids
_____ 13 surface wave
d. seismic wave that travels along the surface of a medium
_____ 14. moment magnitude e. a small earthquake that may follow a larger earthquake, even days later
_____ 15. seismograph
f. seismic wave that travels through the body of a medium
_____ 16. aftershock
g. the sudden return of deformed rock to its undeformed shape
_____ 17. Richter scale
h. the point underground where the rocks break and move, the start of the earthquake
_____ 18. modified Mercalli
i. displays earthquake motion recorded by a seismograph
scale
j. measures magnitude using ground motion
_____ 19. seismogram
k. the point on the Earth’s surface directly over where the rocks break
_____ 20. epicenter
l. records ground vibration
_____ 21. foreshock
m. uses fault size + distance that fault blocks move to measure magnitude
_____ 22. seismic gap
n. an area where strong earthquakes have occurred in the past
_____ 23. tsunami
o. measures intensity
_____ 24. focus
p. a small earthquake that may precede a larger earthquake
______ 25. An area where no direct seismic waves from a particular earthquake can be detected is called
a. an inactive fault zone.
b. the mesosphere.
c. a shadow zone.
d. the atmosphere.
______ 26. The composition of Earth’s interior affects
a, how long an earthquake will last.
b. the speed and direction of seismic waves.
c. the location of an earthquake’s focus. d. the epicenter of an earthquake.
______ 27. What are the fastest body waves?
a. P waves
b. T waves
c. S waves
d. Q waves
______ 28. Surface or Rayleigh waves cause the ground to move
a. horizontally.
b. back and forth.
c. in a jerky up and down motion. d. in an elliptical, rolling motion.
______ 29. Earthquakes generally occur at plate boundaries where
a. stress on rocks is greatest. b. most rock is found. c. stress on rocks is low. d. magnetic pull is greatest.
______ 30. What is another name for a P wave?
a. A proper wave
b. a secondary wave
c. a tidal wave d. a primary wave
______ 31. How is intensity XII described on the modified Mercalli scale?
a. Felt by only a few people indoors.
b. Causes light to moderate damage.
c. Causes damage to ordinary buildings.
d. Causes total destruction.
______ 32. To find the distance to an earthquake’s epicenter, scientists
a. chart the lag time between foreshocks and aftershocks. b. use radio wave detection devices.
c. analyze the arrival times of the P waves and S waves.
d. analyze the arrival times of the surface waves.
______ 33. Scientists monitor natural gas seepage from rocks because
a. It may cause earthquakes.
b. It may mean trolls.
c. It may indicate seismic activity.
d. It may indicate the presence of oil.
______ 34. To locate the epicenter of earthquakes, scientists use computers to
a. analyze hypothesis and theories.
b. perform measurements based on data from seismograph stations.
c. detect vibrations.
d. determine magnitude and intensity.
______ 35. If you are in a car during an earthquake, you should
a. drive toward a bridge.
b. stop the car in a safe place.
c. get out and run.
d. park near a tall building.
______ 36. What are food, water, flashlights, and a portable radio needed for?
a. Measuring surface waves.
b. Preparing for earthquakes
c. Finding shadow zones.
d. Predicting earthquakes.
______ 37. What happens to tsunamis as they move toward shore?
a. They decrease in height.
b. They die out.
c. They turn into riptides.
d. They increase in height.
______ 38. If you are indoors during an earthquake, you should
a. stay away from windows.
b. get on top of a desk or table. c. scream and panic. d. get outside fast.
______ 39. During a major earthquake, buildings
a. always remain standing.
b. do not move. c. may sway or collapse. d. are never damaged.
______ 40. Where does the first motion of an earthquake occur?
a. At the focus
b. at the center.
C. in the fault zone
d. at the epicenter.
______ 41. Which of the following is true of earthquake prediction?
a. It is unreliable.
b. It is impossible.
c. Scientists do not attempt it. d. It is not important.
______ 42. Which method is NOT used to predict earthquakes?
a. Detect changes in rock
b. Monitor natural gas seepage.
c. Assess building damage.
d. Record foreshocks.
Label the following diagrams.
43.
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44.
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45.
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46. ___________ wave
47. ___________ wave
48. ___________ wave
49. _________
50. __________
51. _____________