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Physical Science 436
Name: ____________________________________
Date: _____________________________________
1
Which of the following characteristics describe an atom in terms of the simplified (Bohr-Rutherford) model?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
2
3
4
The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.
The number of protons is equal to the number of neutrons.
The nucleus is made up of neutrons, protons and electrons.
The nucleus is made up of neutrons and electrons.
The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons.
Protons revolve around the nucleus.
Electrons revolve around the nucleus.
A)
1, 2 and 3
B)
1, 4 and 6
C)
1, 5 and 7
D)
2, 5 and 7
Which of the following is a characteristic common to both the Thompson and the Rutherford models of the atom?
A)
The atom is made up of positive and negative charges.
B)
The negative charges are evenly distributed throughout the atom.
C)
Electrons revolve around the nucleus.
D)
The nucleus of atoms is made up of protons and neutrons.
For a neutral atom the atomic number, Z, is equal to which of the following?
A)
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons
B)
The number of neutrons or the number of electrons
C)
The number of protons or the number of electrons
D)
The number of protons or the number of neutrons
Choose the correct answer to complete the following sentence.
In all neutral atoms there are always...
A)
as many protons as electrons.
B)
as many protons as neutrons.
C)
as many electrons as neutrons.
D)
more neutrons than protons.
4
5
List in chronological order the following atomic models that explain the structure of matter.
1.
Thomson's "Plum-Pudding" model
2.
Dalton's "sphere" model
3.
Bohr's "electron energy-level" model
4.
Rutherford's "nuclear" model
A)
1, 2, 3 and 4
B)
2, 3, 4 and 1
C)
2, 1, 4 and 3
D)
4, 2, 3 and 1
Spheres 1, 2, 3 and 4 are electrically charged. The charge on sphere 1 is positive and the charge on sphere 4 is negative.
We do not know the type of charge on sphere 2 or on sphere 3.
When spheres 1 and 2 are brought near each other, they
attract each other.
+
1
2
When spheres 3 and 4 are brought near each other, they
repel each other.
3
What type of charge is on sphere 2 and on sphere 3?
A)
The charge on sphere 2 is positive and the charge on sphere 3 is positive.
B)
The charge on sphere 2 is negative and the charge on sphere 3 is negative.
C)
The charge on sphere 2 is positive and the charge on sphere 3 is negative.
D)
The charge on sphere 2 is negative and the charge on sphere 3 is positive.
4
6
After conducting an experiment involving cathode ray tubes, a student concluded that cathode rays consist of negatively
charged particles.
Which one of the following results supports this conclusion?
A)
The cathode rays travel in a straight line.
B)
The cathode rays are deflected towards the
positively charged plate.
C)
The cathode rays drive a small propeller located
in their path.
D)
The cathode rays are deflected by the magnetic
field of a magnet.
magnet
7
The table below shows what happens when an electrically charged ruler is brought close to the following three objects: a
cathode ray tube, charged sphere 1 and charged sphere 2.
Combination
Result
Ruler is brought close to cathode ray tube.
The ray is repelled.
Ruler is brought close to sphere 1.
Sphere 1 is repelled.
Ruler is brought close to sphere 2.
Sphere 2 is attracted.
What is the electric charge on each sphere?
A)
Sphere 1 is positively charged and sphere 2 is positively charged.
B)
Sphere 1 is positively charged and sphere 2 is negatively charged.
C)
Sphere 1 is negatively charged and sphere 2 is positively charged.
D)
Sphere 1 is negatively charged and sphere 2 is negatively charged.
8
Only one of the diagrams below corresponds to Rutherford's atomic model. Which is it?
B)
A)
-
-
++
+ +
+
2
+
C)
-
9
1
- +
+
+
+ - +
-
D)
5p+
6n 0
_
2e
_
3e
Which of the following diagrams represents Thomson's atomic model?
A)
Nucleus
C)
9+
Energy
Level
B)
Electron
Cloud
D)
Positive Nucleus
10
The following statements refer to atomic models.
1.
2.
3.
There is a nucleus at the centre of the atom.
The nucleus is very small compared with the size of the entire atom.
The electrons are located in energy levels around the atom.
Which of the following statements apply the Rutherford's atomic model?
A)
1 and 2
B)
1, 2 and 3
C)
1 and 3
D)
2 and 3
11
Which of the following are characteristics of Thomson’s atomic model?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
12
Electrons revolve around the nucleus.
The mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
Atoms can lose or gain electrons.
An atom is almost completely empty.
An atom is a positively charged sphere containing negative particles.
Electrons move within energy levels.
A)
1 and 3
C)
3 and 5
B)
2 and 4
D)
4 and 6
Which of the following diagrams accurately represents the behaviour of the different types of radioactivity?
A)
Radiation
C)
Radioactive
Substance
Radioactive
Substance
B)
Radiation
D)
Radiation
Radioactive
Substance
Radioactive
Substance
13
Radiation
Which of the following are characteristics of Rutherford’s atomic model?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Electrons surround the nucleus.
The nucleus of an atom consists of protons and neutrons.
Atoms can lose or gain electrons.
An atom is almost completely empty.
An atom is a positively charged sphere containing negative particles.
Electrons move within energy levels.
A)
1 and 4
C)
3 and 5
B)
2 and 3
D)
4 and 6
14
The apparatus illustrated below is used to study the behaviour of alpha, beta and gamma radiation.
Wooden screen
Electric field
Radioactive source
The radiation that passed through the wooden screen was not deflected as it passed through the electric field.
Which of the following types of radiation passed through the wooden screen?
15
A)
Alpha radiation
C)
Gamma radiation
B)
Beta radiation
D)
Alpha, beta and gamma radiation
Following his experiments dealing with the deflections of alpha particles passing through a thin sheet of gold foil,
Rutherford modified the atomic model Thomson had proposed.
Which of the following statements are the direct result of Rutherford's experiments?
1-
The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.
2-
The electrons are contained in a positive sphere made up of protons.
3-
Protons are concentrated in a very small positive area in the center of the atom.
4-
Electrons move about in specific orbits.
5-
An atom contains a very large amount of empty space.
A)
1 and 2
B)
1 and 4
C)
3 and 4
D)
3 and 5
16
The diagram below shows the paths of alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma rays (γ) emitted from a radioactive source during an
experiment on radioactivity.
Positively
charged
plate
Fluorescent
screen
Radioactive
source
β
+
γ
α
Negatively
charged
plate
Fluorescent
screen
What conclusion can be made from this experiment?
17
A)
The alpha particles and gamma rays have opposite charges.
B)
The alpha and beta particles have electrical charges.
C)
The alpha and beta particles and gamma rays each have different masses.
D)
The alpha and beta particles and gamma rays have the ability to pass through matter.
Bohr, Dalton, Rutherford and Thomson are four scientists who developed atomic models. Here are four different models of
the atom:
1.
++
++
2.
+
3.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Match each of the models with the scientist who developed it.
A)
1. Rutherford
2. Thomson
3. Bohr
4. Dalton
C)
1. Dalton
2. Bohr
3. Rutherford
4. Thomson
B)
1. Rutherford
2. Dalton
3. Thomson
4. Bohr
D)
1. Bohr
2. Thomson
3. Dalton
4. Rutherford
4.
++
+
18
The alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) radiation emitted by radioactive matter have characteristic properties.
Which of the following correctly matches the type of radiation with its charge?
19
20
A)
alpha (α) = neutral
beta (β) = positive
gamma (γ) = negative
C)
alpha (α) = positive
beta (β) = negative
gamma (γ) = neutral
B)
alpha (α) = neutral
beta (β) = negative
gamma (γ) = positive
D)
alpha (α) = negative
beta (β) = positive
gamma (γ) = neutral
Which of the following best explains why a small number of alpha particles were weakly deflected during Rutherford’s
alpha scattering experiment?
A)
These alpha particles collided with the positively charged nucleus.
B)
These alpha particles were deflected because of electrical repulsion of the nucleus.
C)
These alpha particles were deflected because they had a charge opposite to the nucleus.
D)
These alpha particles were deflected because they collided with the electrons in the orbitals.
Using the table below list the characteristics of Democritus versus those of Aristotle.
Democritus
Aristotle
21
List everything Dalton said about atoms.