Heat Transfer, Greenhouse Effect, Ozone Layer Notes
... • Slow the movement of energy away from the Earth’s surface • Greenhouse gases – Includes carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and nitrous oxide – Gases mix with gases in the air like nitrogen and oxygen. Not its own layer – Found in the troposphere – Absorbs and emits infrared radiation ...
... • Slow the movement of energy away from the Earth’s surface • Greenhouse gases – Includes carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and nitrous oxide – Gases mix with gases in the air like nitrogen and oxygen. Not its own layer – Found in the troposphere – Absorbs and emits infrared radiation ...
Cyclotron radiation
... Cyclotron radiation An electron moves in the xy plane under the action of a constant and uniform magnetic field B = B0 ẑ. Assume the motion to be non-relativistic and the initial velocity to have modulus v (≪ c). a) Characterize the radiation emitted by the electron, specifying its frequency and it ...
... Cyclotron radiation An electron moves in the xy plane under the action of a constant and uniform magnetic field B = B0 ẑ. Assume the motion to be non-relativistic and the initial velocity to have modulus v (≪ c). a) Characterize the radiation emitted by the electron, specifying its frequency and it ...
An elementary one by myself
... Why does the electron emit radiation? Think of an electron at rest, and think of the electric field lines coming out from it. Imagine moving the electron up and down. ...
... Why does the electron emit radiation? Think of an electron at rest, and think of the electric field lines coming out from it. Imagine moving the electron up and down. ...
Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature
... precipitation. Like carbon dioxide, water vapor absorbs heat given off by Earth. It also absorbs some solar energy ...
... precipitation. Like carbon dioxide, water vapor absorbs heat given off by Earth. It also absorbs some solar energy ...
Electromagnetic Radiation
... Electromagnetic radiation (EM) is described in terms of its wavelength, frequency, or energy. All electromagnetic energy travels at the speed of light, c, which is 2.998 × 108 m/s, so wavelength (λ) and frequency (ν) are inversely related: c = λν. Long waves have a low frequency and short waves have ...
... Electromagnetic radiation (EM) is described in terms of its wavelength, frequency, or energy. All electromagnetic energy travels at the speed of light, c, which is 2.998 × 108 m/s, so wavelength (λ) and frequency (ν) are inversely related: c = λν. Long waves have a low frequency and short waves have ...
Lecture 2: Properties of Radiation - Department of Meteorology and
... When energy is absorbed by an atom, some of the electrons in that atom move into larger, higher energy orbits. When energy is released by the atom, the electrons move to smaller orbits. The lowest energy state is called the ground state. This is when all the electrons are as close to the nucleus as ...
... When energy is absorbed by an atom, some of the electrons in that atom move into larger, higher energy orbits. When energy is released by the atom, the electrons move to smaller orbits. The lowest energy state is called the ground state. This is when all the electrons are as close to the nucleus as ...
Electromagnetic Spectrum
... ULTRAVIOLET: Found just above visible light, ultraviolet radiation is present in sunlight. When sunlight strikes your body the ultraviolet radiation produces vitamin D in your skin. Vitamin D is needed for healthy bones and teeth. Ultraviolet radiation kills germs. For this reason hospitals often us ...
... ULTRAVIOLET: Found just above visible light, ultraviolet radiation is present in sunlight. When sunlight strikes your body the ultraviolet radiation produces vitamin D in your skin. Vitamin D is needed for healthy bones and teeth. Ultraviolet radiation kills germs. For this reason hospitals often us ...
A Helium atom has a nuclear charge of Ze, where Z=2. One of the
... A Helium atom has a nuclear charge of Ze, where Z=2. One of the electrons is removed leaving an atom that resembles a Hydrogen atom but with twice the nuclear charge. What are the energy levels in this atom? a) En= - mZe4 / ( e028n2h2) b) En= - mZ2e4 / ( e028n2h2) c) En= - mZ4e4 / ( e028n2h2) d) En= ...
... A Helium atom has a nuclear charge of Ze, where Z=2. One of the electrons is removed leaving an atom that resembles a Hydrogen atom but with twice the nuclear charge. What are the energy levels in this atom? a) En= - mZe4 / ( e028n2h2) b) En= - mZ2e4 / ( e028n2h2) c) En= - mZ4e4 / ( e028n2h2) d) En= ...
Radiation Detectors / Particle Detectors
... • The term counter is often used instead of detector, when the detector counts the particles, but does not resolve its energy or ionization. • Many of the detectors invented and used so far are ionization detectors & scintillation detectors – Scintillation is a flash of light produced in a transpare ...
... • The term counter is often used instead of detector, when the detector counts the particles, but does not resolve its energy or ionization. • Many of the detectors invented and used so far are ionization detectors & scintillation detectors – Scintillation is a flash of light produced in a transpare ...
File
... An electron forced to oscillate at 102.1 MHz will produce an FM radio wave An electron accelerated by a Mega-Volt and fired into a metal target will produce X-rays (rapid deceleration of electrons) A magnetron in a microwave oven accelerates charges to produce an EM wave that is forced to osci ...
... An electron forced to oscillate at 102.1 MHz will produce an FM radio wave An electron accelerated by a Mega-Volt and fired into a metal target will produce X-rays (rapid deceleration of electrons) A magnetron in a microwave oven accelerates charges to produce an EM wave that is forced to osci ...
A Brief History of Planetary Science
... B) perpendicular to the direction of travel and to each other C) parallel to the direction of travel and perpendicular to each other D) perpendicular to the direction of travel and parallel to each other E) Always 180 degrees from each other and the direction of travel ...
... B) perpendicular to the direction of travel and to each other C) parallel to the direction of travel and perpendicular to each other D) perpendicular to the direction of travel and parallel to each other E) Always 180 degrees from each other and the direction of travel ...
Lecture 32 - McMaster Physics and Astronomy
... • As this momentum is absorbed by some surface, pressure is exerted on the surface • Assuming the wave transports a total energy U to the surface in a time interval Δt, the total momentum is p = U / c for ...
... • As this momentum is absorbed by some surface, pressure is exerted on the surface • Assuming the wave transports a total energy U to the surface in a time interval Δt, the total momentum is p = U / c for ...
Exit Slip: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry-1
... C. splitting of a uranium nucleus into barium and krypton nuclei D. return of ground state of electrons that have been excited to a higher energy level 3. Nuclei with too many or too few neutrons are (11.a) A. never found. C. unstable. B. unnatural. D. stable. 4. Arrange the forms of radiation from ...
... C. splitting of a uranium nucleus into barium and krypton nuclei D. return of ground state of electrons that have been excited to a higher energy level 3. Nuclei with too many or too few neutrons are (11.a) A. never found. C. unstable. B. unnatural. D. stable. 4. Arrange the forms of radiation from ...
Radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. This includes: electro-magnetic radiation (also known as ""continuum radiation"") γ such as radio waves, visible light, and x-rays particle radiation such as α, β, and neutron radiation (discrete energy per particle) acoustic radiation such as ultrasound, sound, and seismic waves. (dependent on intervening mass for transmission)Radiation is often categorized as either ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the energy of the radiated particles. Ionizing radiation carries more than 10 eV, which is enough to ionize atoms and molecules, and break chemical bonds. This is an important distinction due to the large difference in harmfulness to living organisms. A common source of ionizing radiation is radioactive materials that emit α, β, or γ radiation, consisting of helium nuclei, electrons or positrons, and photons, respectively. Other sources include X-rays from medical radiography examinations and muons, mesons, positrons, neutrons and other particles that constitute the secondary cosmic rays that are produced after primary cosmic rays interact with Earth's atmosphere.Gamma rays, X-rays and the higher energy range of ultraviolet light constitute the ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The lower-energy, longer-wavelength part of the spectrum including visible light, infrared light, microwaves, and radio waves is non-ionizing; its main effect when interacting with tissue is heating. This type of radiation only damages cells if the intensity is high enough to cause excessive heating. Ultraviolet radiation has some features of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. While the part of the ultraviolet spectrum that penetrates the Earth's atmosphere is non-ionizing, this radiation does far more damage to many molecules in biological systems than can be accounted for by heating effects, sunburn being a well-known example. These properties derive from ultraviolet's power to alter chemical bonds, even without having quite enough energy to ionize atoms.The word radiation arises from the phenomenon of waves radiating (i.e., traveling outward in all directions) from a source. This aspect leads to a system of measurements and physical units that are applicable to all types of radiation. Because such radiation expands as it passes through space, and as its energy is conserved (in vacuum), the intensity of all types of radiation from a point source follows an inverse-square law in relation to the distance from its source. This law does not apply close to an extended source of radiation or for focused beams.
