Download Unit 1 Evolution Chp 22 Module 1

UNIT 1 EVOLUTION
CHAPTER 22 DARWINISM: THE THEORY
MODULE #1
1. Who is this in the picture below? What three broad observations inspired him to develop his
scientific explanation of “evolution”? The cover to his famous book is located on the right. Notice the
title. The title is very summative of what he had to say. What two things did he say about evolution?
2. Below is a chart illustrating the historical context leading to Darwin’s theory. What scientific
concepts did Darwin “borrow” from each of these individuals?
3. Below is a diagram representing Lamarck’s hypothesis of evolution.
What was the significance of his hypothesis?
What two principles did he use to explain his findings?
What does modern genetics have to say about these
principles?
4. What was Darwin’s interest as a young boy? Where did he begin college? Why did he not stay
there? Where did he graduate college from? What was his degree in? Who was his mentor and what
future event did this mentor enable to happen?
5. Below is a diagram depicting the HMS Beagle’s voyage. Through what years did this voyage take
place? What was the purpose of this voyage? What was Darwin’s role in the voyage? What did Darwin
discover, biologically and geologically?
6. Where are the Galapagos Islands located? Why were they important to Darwin’s thinking?
7. Below is one of Darwin’s drawings, from the Galapagos, and his journal entry that described the
drawing.
“The remaining land-birds form a most singular group of finches, related
to each other in the structure of their beaks, short tails, form of body and
plumage: there are thirteen species, which Mr. Gould has divided into
four subgroups. All these species are peculiar to this archipelago; and so
is the whole group, with the exception of one species of the sub-group
Cactornis, lately brought from Bow Island, in the Low Archipelago. Of
Cactornis, the two species may be often seen climbing about the flowers
of the great cactus-trees; but all the other species of this group of
finches, mingled together in flocks, feed on the dry and sterile ground of
the lower districts. The males of all, or certainly of the greater number,
are jet black; and the females (with perhaps one or two exceptions) are
brown. The most curious fact is the perfect gradation in the size of the
beaks in the different species of Geospiza, from one as large as that of a
hawfinch to that of a chaffinch, and (if Mr. Gould is right in including his
sub-group, Certhidea, in the main group) even to that of a warbler. The largest beak in the genus Geospiza is shown in Fig. 1,
and the smallest in Fig. 3; but instead of there being only one intermediate species, with a beak of the size shown in Fig. 2,
there are no less than six species with insensibly graduated beaks. The beak of the sub-group Certhidea, is shown in Fig. 4. The
beak of Cactornis is somewhat like that of a starling, and that of the fourth subgroup, Camarhynchus, is slightly parrot-shaped.
Seeing this gradation and diversity of structure in one small, intimately related group of birds, one might really fancy that from
an original paucity of birds in this archipelago, one species had been taken and modified for different ends. In a like manner it
might be fancied that a bird originally a buzzard, had been induced here to undertake the office of the carrion-feeding Polybori
of the American continent”.
Describe how the terms “adaptation” and “natural selection” relate to this drawing.
8. Below is a picture of Alfred Russel Wallace. What was the significance of this man?
9. Below is Darwin’s famous “I think…” diagram. Give a brief explanation of this diagram.
10. Below is a diagram illustrating Darwin’s idea of “descent with modification” using elephants. Using
this diagram, briefly describe what is meant by “descent with modification”.
11. Scientists estimate that over _____% of all species that have ever lived are now extinct. What does
the term “transitional fossil” mean and how are they used in documenting “descent with modification”?
11. Below is a diagram representing the “artificial selection” of wild mustard.
What is meant by “artificial selection”?
How does this diagram represent “artificial
selection”?
12. Below is a diagram showing a population of ladybugs
Using the two observations and two inferences Darwin
based his argument for natural selection on, describe
how this population might change over many
generations if a “selection pressure” became present.
13. Below is a picture showing young sea turtle hatchlings crawling towards the ocean for the first time.
Most of these turtles hatched from the same clutch of eggs. Using this picture, briefly describe Darwin’s
idea of “overproduction of offspring” and how genetic variation would play out in this scenario.
14. What are the 3 main ideas of natural selection?
15. Although natural selection occurs through interactions between individual organisms and their
environment, _____________ do not evolve, only ______________________ evolve.
16. Natural selection can amplify or diminish only those heritable traits that ___________ among the
individuals in a _______________.
17. A trait that is favorable in one place/environment or time may be useless – or even detrimental – in
other places or times. Give a natural example that supports this statement.