Download Semester 1 - TJ

Name ________________________________ Class _____
Final Exam Review: CLASSIFICATIONS, BIOCHEMISTRY, CELLS
PART I. Main Concepts
You should be able to discuss in detail…
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Binder Page(s)
Steps of the scientific method & difference between observations & inferences
How to interpret data to determine controls/constants and
independent/dependent variables
How macromolecules (polymers) and monomers are related
The four organic macromolecules and their monomers
What the four macromolecules are used for in the body
What enzymes are and how they work
Characteristics of the major types of cells (plant, animal, bacteria)
Key organelles in eukaryotic cells and their functions (jobs)
How animal cells and plant cells get their ATP (Cellular Respiration)
How plant cells get their glucose (Photosynthesis)
PART II. Vocabulary Check the words off as you become familiar with them!
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observation/inference
prokaryote
eukaryote
qualitative/quantitative
constant
control
independent/dependent variable
macromolecule
carbohydrate (polysaccharide)
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glucose (monosaccharide)
lipid
fatty acid & glycerol
protein
amino acid
enzyme
active site
hypothesis
denature
PART III. Review Questions
1. Define each of the following:
a. QuaLitative Observation (L is for ___________________):
b. QuaNtitative Observation (N is for ___________________):
c. Inference:
2. Make 2 observations and 1 inference about the following picture:
Observation #1:
Observation #2
Inference:
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organelle
nucleus
cell membrane
mitochondria
chloroplast
cellular respiration
photosynthesis
Page #______
3. Make a Venn Diagram for Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes. Use the following points:
- example: bacteria
- has nucleus (and other organelles)
- example: plants & animals
- has cell membrane
- does not have nucleus
- smaller, simple
- has DNA
- bigger, more complex
4. For each of the macromolecules, say why our bodies need them and write the monomers.
Why does our body need it?
What enzyme breaks
Macromolecule
Monomer(s)
(Function)
it down?
Carbohydrates
(Polysaccharides)
Lipids
Proteins
Bonus: Nucleic Acids
5. Why do enzymes do in our body?
6. What are 3 factors that affect enzyme activity?
7. The following diagram shows an enzyme at work. Describe what is happening at each step and label each
part. Use the words: enzyme, activation energy, active site, monomers in your answers.
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
STEP 4
8. Looking at the diagram above, explain why it is so important that an enzyme does not get denatured.
9. Fill out this chart about Eukaryotic Cell Organelles:
Organelle
Function (What does it do?)
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Ribosome
Rough ER
Golgi App.
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Cell Wall
10. In the list above (from Question #1), circle the organelles that are only found in PLANTS.
11. Fill out this chart about Cell Energy:
Check one or both
Process
Plant
Animal
Which
Organelle?
CHEMICAL EQUATION
Make sure you know what it stands for!
Photosynthesis
(making glucose energy)
Cell. Respiration
(making ATP energy)
SAMPLE FINAL QUESTIONS
For Questions 1-4, compare observations and inferences, using these choices:
 If the statement is a qualitative observation, choose A.
 If the statement is a quantitative observation, choose B. (Assume you can use a microscope, scale, and ruler.)
 If the statement is an inference, choose C.
1 The candy wrapper is red.
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The cup weighs 95.3 grams.
2 The dog is happy.
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The door frame is 2 feet wide.
5. The building blocks of carbohydrates are:
a. glycerol and fatty acids.
b. monosaccharides.
c. amino acids.
d. nucleotides.
6. Catalase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in the body. Which of the following
factors poses a risk to the function of catalase?
a. Constant temperature
b. Decrease in hydrogen peroxide
c. Sudden change in pH levels
d. Increase in catalase concentration
7. Which of the following structures do ALL cells, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic, have?
a. Cell wall
b. Nucleus
c. Golgi Apparatus
d. Cytoplasm
8. In which of the following ways are photosynthesis and cellular respiration alike?
a. Both processes produce glucose.
b. Both processes consume carbon dioxide.
c. Both processes take place in chloroplasts.
d. Both processes involve energy transformations.
9. The structure of an organic molecule is represented below.
In this organic molecule, which element is identified by each “X”?
a.
b.
c.
d.
iron
carbon
sodium
phosphorus