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Political Islam I. Why did Islam Spread? a. Before death in 632, Muhammad told followers to . . . b. Abu Bakr, elected caliph in 632 => c. What does jihad mean? i. Literally means “_________________________”, but there are three types 1. Personal Striving => 2. Verbal striving => 3. Physical striving => ii. In Qu’ranic context, jihad means … iii. Impression, from quotes? => II. Expansion of Islamic State, 632-732 AD a. By 642, Muslim Arabs had conquered from ________________ to _______________ b. By 656, Muslim Arabs had conquered … c. In 661, the 4th Caliph, Ali, died => d. By 711, Arabs invaded … e. In 732, Arabs were defeated at ______________, in France Political Islam III. Sunni vs. Shia Sunni Muslims IV. Shia Muslims Means “Beaten Path” => Means “Faction”=> Majority of Muslims => Minority of Muslims => Reason for split => Reason for split => Spiritual Differences => Spiritual Differences => The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 AD) a. Umayyads were … b. Umayyads moved capital from _______________ to _________________ - Why? => c. Continued conquests into … V. Rise of the Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258 AD) a. The Abbasids were _____________ rebels against the Umayyads b. Managed to kill all but one Umayyad prince => c. Abbasids moved capital to _________________, in Iraq => VI. Golden Age of Abbasid Caliphate a. Baghdad grew as _____________________ flowed in b. Abbasids established a strong … Political Islam c. Scholars flocked to Baghdad => i. Translation of Chinese, Indian scientific works into __________________ ii. Collected knowledge, BUT they did not… VII. Disintegration and fragmentation of Caliphate a. Abbasid dynasty eventually fell apart => b. Broke up into four parts i. Abbasid Caliphate ii. __________________, in Egypt iii. Seljuk Turks took over Holy Land => iv. Omayyad Spain VIII. End of the Abbasid Dynasty a. Abbasids eventually overcome by ____________________ b. Mongols destroyed irrigation systems … c. Mongols halted in 1260 by Egyptians =>