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The Physics of Pool Resource ID#: 37787 Primary Type: Lesson Plan This document was generated on CPALMS - www.cpalms.org Direct Link: http://blossoms.mit.edu/videos/lessons/physics_pool The objective of this lesson is to illustrate how a common everyday experience (such as playing pool) can often provide a learning moment. In the example chosen, we use the game of pool to help explain some key concepts of physics. One of these concepts is the conservation of linear momentum since conservation laws play an extremely important role in many aspects of physics. The idea that a certain property of a system is maintained before and after something happens is quite central to many principles in physics and in the pool example, we concentrate on the conservation of linear momentum. The latter half of the video looks at angular momentum and friction, examining why certain objects roll, as opposed to slide. We do this by looking at how striking a ball with a cue stick at different locations produces different effects. Though not required, students who have been exposed to some physics would benefit most from this video. In mathematically rigorous classes, students can concentrate on the details of vectors and conservation of linear momentum. No materials are required for this lesson, and it can be completed easily within a class period. Subject(s): Science Grade Level(s): 9, 10, 11, 12 Intended Audience: Educators Suggested Technology: LCD Projector, Overhead Projector Instructional Time: 50 Minute(s) Freely Available: Yes Keywords: Conservation of linear momentum, angular momentum, friction, vectors Instructional Component Type(s): Lesson Plan, Problem-Solving Task, Video/Audio/Animation, Tutorial, Student Center Activity Instructional Design Framework(s): Direct Instruction, Demonstration, Predict-ExplainObserve-Explain, Confirmation Inquiry (Level 1), Cooperative Learning Resource Collection: MIT BLOSSOMS Additional Information/Instructions By Author/Submitter There are a few main ideas that we hope students take away from this video: 1. Conservation of linear momentum: Conservation laws play an extremely important role in many aspects of physics. The idea that a certain property of a system is maintained before and after something happens is quite central to many principles in physics. In the pool example, we concentrate on the conservation of linear momentum. We illustrate how when two objects collide (in this case, two billiard balls), the sum of their momenta remains constant.We first illustrate this with two balls that collide and move in the same direction, and then again when the two balls travel in different directions.For the latter point, we illustrate the velocity (and momentum) really is a vector quantity. We conclude the section with the idea that linear momentum is conserved for any "closed" system by showing what happens when a collision occurs with a much larger object such as the pool table. 2. Angular Momentum, Torque and Friction: The latter half of the video is aimed at trying to look into why certain objects roll, as opposed to slide.We do this by looking at how striking a ball with a cue stick at different locations produces different effects. SOURCE AND ACCESS INFORMATION Contributed by: Elizabeth Murray Name of Author/Source: MIT BLOSSOMS District/Organization of Contributor(s): Massachusettes Institute of Technology Is this Resource freely Available? Yes License: Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Related Standards Name SC.912.P.12.2: Description Analyze the motion of an object in terms of its position, velocity, and acceleration (with respect to a frame of reference) as functions of time. Remarks/Examples: Solve problems involving distance, velocity, speed, and acceleration. Create and interpret graphs of 1-dimensional motion, such as position versus time, distance versus time, speed versus time, velocity versus time, and acceleration versus time where acceleration is constant. Florida Standards Connections: MAFS.912.N-VM.1.3 (+) Solve problems involving velocity and other quantities that can be represented by vectors. Interpret and apply Newton's three laws of motion. Remarks/Examples: SC.912.P.12.3: SC.912.P.12.4: Explain that when the net force on an object is zero, no acceleration occurs thus, a moving object continues to move at a constant speed in the same direction, or, if at rest, it remains at rest (Newton's first law). Explain that when a net force is applied to an object its motion will change, or accelerate (according to Newton's second law, F = ma). Predict and explain how when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object always exerts a force of equal magnitude but of opposite direction and force back on the first: F1 on 2 = -F1 on 1 (Newton's third law). Describe how the gravitational force between two objects depends on their masses and the distance between them. Remarks/Examples: Describe Newton's law of universal gravitation in terms of the attraction between two objects, their masses, and the inverse square of the distance between them. Apply the law of conservation of linear momentum to interactions, such as collisions between objects. SC.912.P.12.5: Remarks/Examples: (e.g. elastic and completely inelastic collisions). Qualitatively apply the concept of angular momentum. Remarks/Examples: SC.912.P.12.6: Explain that angular momentum is rotational analogy to linear momentum (e.g. Because angular momentum is conserved, a change in the distribution of mass about the axis of rotation will cause a change in the rotational speed [ice skater spinning]). Attached Resources Video/Audio/Animation Name MIT BLOSSOMS - The Physics of Boomerangs: Description This learning video explores the mysterious physics behind boomerangs and other rapidly spinning objects. Students will get to make and throw their own boomerangs between video segments! A key idea presented is how torque causes the precession of angular momentum. One class period is required to complete this learning video, and the optimal prerequisites are a familiarity with forces, Newton's laws, vectors and time derivatives. Each student would need the following materials for boomerang construction: cardboard (roughly the size of a postcard), ruler, pencil/pen, scissors, protractor, and a stapler.