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Download Gr 10 Review sheet chemistry
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SCH3U Grade 10 Review Sheet NAME: Recall: In the periodic table, for each element: Atomic Number Element Symbol Element Name Average Atomic Mass Remember the following relationships: Atomic Number = the # of protons = the # of electrons (in a neutral atom) Mass Number = the atomic mass of the most common isotope (round the average atomic mass to the nearest whole number Ex. For cobalt: Average Atomic Mass = 58.93 ≈ 59 = Mass Number Atomic Notation Mass Number Atomic Number 59 27 Co Number of Neutrons = Mass Number – Number of Protons Ex. For cobalt: Number of neutrons = 59 – 27 = 32 neutrons 1. Complete the following chart: Element Name Atomic notation 11 5 Symbol Atomic number B Silver Pb 36 Mass number # of protons # of neutrons # of electrons Recall: Counting atoms: 2Ca(NO3)2 Coefficient Subscripts Coefficients apply to all atoms in the compound. Subscripts apply only to the element that they follow. Exception – if the subscript follows a bracket “)”, it is applied to all elements in the bracket. Ex. For calcium nitrate 2Ca(NO3)2 The coefficient (2) applies to all elements: Therefore, 2 Ca atoms total 2 N atoms 2 O atoms The subscript 3 only follows O so we have 2 x 3 O = 6 O The subscript 2 is outside brackets, so it applies to N and O Therefore, 2 x 6 O = 12 oxygen atoms total 2 x 2 N = 4 nitrogen atoms total 2. Give the name of each element and state the number of atoms of each element in the following compounds: CH3COOH Name of element # of atoms 2(NH4)2Cr2O7 Name of element # of atoms 3. Chemical reactions produce______________substances by the breaking and forming of__________. The four indications that a new substance has formed are: 1. Change of________________ 2. Formation of a ________________ 3. Formation of _____________ 4. Release or absorption of_____________ 4. Complete the following table: Chemical Name Magnesium hydroxide Ions present Mg2+ OH- Chemical Formula Mg(OH)2 Ni(NO3)2 Beryllium iodide N2O5 Lead (II) nitrite Fluorine gas Aluminum sulfate Propane Balancing Chemical Equations: Add coefficients to each chemical formula (if needed), so that the same numbers of atoms of each element are found on both sides of the arrow. Not sure where to start?? Try using the “MINOH” method, by balancing elements in the following order: M – metals I – polyatomic ions N – non-metals O – oxygen H - hydrogen 5. Balance the following ____ AlBr3 + ____ K ____ KBr + ____ Al ____ P4 + ____ Br2 ____ PBr3 ____ CoBr3 + ____ CaSO4 ____ CaBr2 + ____ Co2(SO4)3 ____ Na3P + ____ CaF2 ____ NaF + ____ Ca3P2 ____ Mn + ____ HI ____ H2 + ____ MnI3 6. Complete the following table: Balance and complete the following reactions: a) b) c) d) e) __BaO2 __BaO + __O2 __C6H6 + __O2 __H2 + __O2 __K + __Ca(NO3)2 __CaCl2 + __Na2CO3 Classify each type of reaction as synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, or combustion 7. Indicate whether the following characteristics refer to acids or bases by putting a check mark ( ) in the appropriate box. Characteristic Good conductors of electricity (electrolytes) React with carbonates to produce CO2(g) Will cause blue litmus paper to change red Will cause red litmus paper to change blue Sour taste (*NOTE: do not taste or touch in the lab) Have a pH greater than 7 Taste bitter and feel slippery (*NOTE: do not taste or touch in the lab) Have a pH less than 7 React with active metals to produce H2(g) Acids Bases Both