Download Julius Caesar and the End of the Republic

Julius Caesar and the End of
the Republic
Who is the greatest general in
history?
The Gracchi
• Tiberius Gracchus a
grandson of Scipio
Africanus, 1st over wall at
Carthage
• Elected Tribune of Senate
as a Plebian
• Established the
distribution of public lands
called the latifundia
• Senate spread a rumor
he wanted to be dictator,
riot killed Tiberius and
300 of his followers, body
thrown into the Tiber river
The Gracchi , Cont’d
• Gaius Gracchus serving in
Spain at time of brother’s
death, returned to Rome 2 yrs
later
• Wanting to Avenge brother’s
death came back to Rome,
and was elected Tribune of the
people from the Plebeians
• Reestablished latifundia, new
laws for the common people
against the senate and
aristocracy (patricians)
• Built Roads, sold grain at ½
price to all Roman citizens
• Murdered on the West Bank of
The Tiber
Spartacus
• Former Roman soldier who
rebelled and was made a slave
then sold as a Gladiator in
Capua
• 73 B.C. led a revolt of
Gladiators and hid on Mt.
Vesuvius
• 71B.C. killed in battle by
Crassus , slave army
destroyed
• Follower crucified on Appian
Way to Rome
• Escapees fled north captured
or killed by Pompey returning
from Spain
Rise of a Patrician
• Rome dissolved into civil war
with which ever general could
raise the largest army and pay
them the best taking over for
75 yrs
• A young patrician was born the
first time by his mother being
cut open, Caesarian birth
• Just when Rome was about to
break up a young Patrician
who was a hero arose to lead
his army
Conquests
• Julius Caesar
conquered Gaul
modern day France,
then marched into
Germania, stopping at
the Black Forest
• He marched into
Britannia establishing
it as the northern
most colony of the
empire
First Triumvirate
•
•
•
Retruned to Spain and back in
France fighting the Gauls again
when recalled to Rome to be
consul
Formed the 1st triumvirate with
Crassus and Pompey ending civil
war and securing the Republic
Each ruled the Republic equally,
until Crassus killed in Syria and
Pompey ordered Caesar to return
to Rome without his army,Caesar
returned to Rome with the loyalty
of his troops, crossed the Rubicon
river,stating “ ileas iacta est” the
die is cast sending his army into
Rome the 1st General ever to do
so and became dictator
Civil War
• This broke Roman law
and caused a four yr long
civil war between Caesar
and the Senate, Caesar
one by one took over all
of the public offices
• 45 B.C. became only
Consul and in 44 B.C.
forced the Senate to
declare him Dictator for
life, tried to reorganize
the gov’t but the Senate
saw him as a king
Assassination
• March 15, 44B.C. Casear
called to the Senate, wife
begged him not to go
• Senators surrounded him
closed in and stabbed
Caesar to death on the
Senate floor, ending the
life of the man they felt
had gone too far, even
stpson Brutus was
invloved in the stabbing
• Led to a 13 yr civil war in
which assassins were
gathered up or killed
2nd Triumvirate
• Caesar’s adopted son
Octavian ended the 13 yr war
by establishing a 2nd
triumvirate of himself, Marc
Antony, Caesar’s good friend
and Lepidus an old consul
• Lepidus died in Spain, Antony
and Octavian fought at battle
of Actium, Antony found dead
in Egypt w/ Cleopatra
• Octavian named Augustus and
Senate made him 1st emperor
of Rome ending the Republic