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Name: Class Period: Date: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Chemistry 1e: Students know the nucleus of the atom is much smaller than the atom yet contains most of its mass. Chemistry 1a: Students know how to relate the position of an element in the periodic table to its atomic number and atomic mass. Rewrite these standards in your own words: Chemistry 1e: Chemistry 1a: Terms Matter Definition Example Atom Element Compound Periodic Table Atomic Symbol All _________________ is made of ________________. _________________ are matter that is made of only one type of _____________ and are listed in the __________________ by their ______________________. __________________ are matter up of more than one type of __________________. What is a property? 1 Name: Class Period: Date: Part 1: Atomic Structure Although atoms are the smallest particle that maintains the properties of an _______________, they too are made up of even smaller particles. Atoms are made up of 3 _____________ particles: ___________, _____________, and _______________. Protons, neutrons, and electrons are arranged so that each atom has two parts: the ________________ and the _____________________________. Subatomic Particle Symbol Charge Location in Atom Relative Mass Proton Neutron Electron An atom’s protons and neutrons are held tightly together in the center of the atom. This is called the nucleus and it is VERY small compared to the size of the electron cloud. However, protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus and are much heavier than electrons. Because of this, almost all of the mass of an atom is found in the nucleus. The nucleus is said to be dense because it contains all of the mass (weight), but almost none of the volume (space). Electrons get more freedom. They occupy a huge space surrounding the tiny nucleus called the electron cloud. They are Electrons are constantly moving around within and between these shells. The space is much bigger than the electron particles themselves, so most of the area of the electron cloud is just empty space. Because there is so much space, we can say that almost all of the volume of an atom is in the electron cloud. Atom Part Nucleus Electron Cloud 2 Location Made of Charge Mass? Volume? Dense? Name: Class Period: Date: Part 2: The Periodic Table The periodic Table lists all of the elements and arranges them according to atomic number. The atomic number is ALWAYS equal to the number of _________________ in an element. The periodic table is arranged into horizontal rows, called __________________ and vertical columns, called __________________. Each element has an atomic ______________, atomic ____________, and atomic ___________ listed on the Periodic Table. Atomic Symbol—The one or two letter symbol for each element. The ____________ letter is always capitalized and the second letter is always _____________________________. Atomic Number—The number of _______________ in an atom of that element. Every element has a different number of protons. Therefore, the number of ________________ in an atom’s ________________ tells us which element it is. ***The number of _________________ is always equal to the ____________________. The atomic number is always equal to the number of _____________________. In a neutral atom (neutral means having ________________________), the number of _____________________ must equal the number of ________________. Therefore, in a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of __________________. Atomic Mass—The total number of ________________ and ________________ in the atom. Why? Atomic Mass = ____________________ + ________________________ Atomic Mass ( ____ + _____) – Atomic Number ( ____) = # of __________ What is the difference between atoms of two different elements? What is the difference between gold (Au) and silver (Ag)? 3 Name: Term Atomic Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Mass 4 Class Period: Definition Date: Changes When… Name: Class Period: Date: Part 3: Practice! Assume all atoms are neutral. Element symbol atomic number Magnesium Mg 12 Group Period # # 2 3 mass number number of protons number of neutrons number of electrons 24 12 24-12=12 12 Iron 26 P 13 Sulfur 13 16 2 17 24 24 5 U Oxygen 92 143 16 Ag Gold 118 24 N What is the difference between two different atoms? How do you calculate the number of neutrons? Why is the number of electrons = number of protons in a neutral atom? 5 78 22 Name: Class Period: Date: Draw an atom of an element. Use different colors for protons, neutrons and electrons. Element: Symbol: Atomic Number: Atomic Mass: Number of Protons: Number of Neutrons: Number of Electrons (in a neutral atom): 6