Download Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

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Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Chemistry 1e: Students know the nucleus of the atom is much smaller than the atom yet
contains most of its mass.
Chemistry 1a: Students know how to relate the position of an element in the periodic table to its
atomic number and atomic mass.
Rewrite these standards in your own words:
Chemistry 1e:
Chemistry 1a:
Terms
Matter
Definition
Example
Atom
Element
Compound
Periodic Table
Atomic
Symbol
All _________________ is made of ________________. _________________ are matter that
is made of only one type of _____________ and are listed in the __________________ by their
______________________. __________________ are matter up of more than one type of
__________________.
What is a property?
1
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Part 1: Atomic Structure
Although atoms are the smallest particle that maintains the properties of an
_______________, they too are made up of even smaller particles. Atoms are made up of 3
_____________ particles: ___________, _____________, and _______________.
Protons, neutrons, and electrons are arranged so that each atom has two parts: the
________________ and the _____________________________.
Subatomic Particle
Symbol
Charge
Location in Atom
Relative Mass
Proton
Neutron
Electron
An atom’s protons and neutrons are held tightly together in the
center of the atom. This is called the nucleus and it is VERY small
compared to the size of the electron cloud. However, protons and
neutrons are found in the nucleus and are much heavier than
electrons. Because of this, almost all of the mass of an atom is
found in the nucleus. The nucleus is said to be dense because it
contains all of the mass (weight), but almost none of the volume
(space).
Electrons get more freedom. They occupy a huge space surrounding the
tiny nucleus called the electron cloud. They are Electrons are constantly
moving around within and between these shells. The space is much
bigger than the electron particles themselves, so most of the area of the
electron cloud is just empty space. Because there is so much space, we
can say that almost all of the volume of an atom is in the electron cloud.
Atom Part
Nucleus
Electron Cloud
2
Location
Made of
Charge
Mass?
Volume?
Dense?
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Date:
Part 2: The Periodic Table
The periodic Table lists all of the elements and arranges them according to atomic
number. The atomic number is ALWAYS equal to the number of _________________ in an
element. The periodic table is arranged into horizontal rows, called __________________ and
vertical columns, called __________________.
Each element has an atomic ______________, atomic ____________, and atomic
___________ listed on the Periodic Table.
Atomic Symbol—The one or two letter symbol for each element. The ____________ letter is
always capitalized and the second letter is always _____________________________.
Atomic Number—The number of _______________ in an atom of that element. Every
element has a different number of protons. Therefore, the number of ________________ in an
atom’s ________________ tells us which element it is.
***The number of _________________ is always equal to the ____________________.
The atomic number is always equal to the number of _____________________.
In a neutral atom (neutral means having ________________________), the number of
_____________________ must equal the number of ________________. Therefore, in a
neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of __________________.
Atomic Mass—The total number of ________________ and ________________ in the atom.
Why?
Atomic Mass = ____________________ + ________________________
Atomic Mass ( ____ + _____) – Atomic Number ( ____) = # of __________
What is the difference between atoms of two different elements?
What is the difference between gold (Au) and silver (Ag)?
3
Name:
Term
Atomic Symbol
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
4
Class Period:
Definition
Date:
Changes When…
Name:
Class Period:
Date:
Part 3: Practice!
Assume all atoms are neutral.
Element
symbol
atomic
number
Magnesium
Mg
12
Group Period
#
#
2
3
mass
number
number
of protons
number of
neutrons
number of
electrons
24
12
24-12=12
12
Iron
26
P
13
Sulfur
13
16
2
17
24
24
5
U
Oxygen
92
143
16
Ag
Gold
118
24
N
What is the difference between two different atoms?
How do you calculate the number of neutrons?
Why is the number of electrons = number of protons in a neutral atom?
5
78
22
Name:
Class Period:
Date:
Draw an atom of an element. Use different colors for protons, neutrons and electrons.
Element:
Symbol:
Atomic Number:
Atomic Mass:
Number of Protons:
Number of Neutrons:
Number of Electrons (in a neutral atom):
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