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Name _______________________________ Date ___________ Per _____ Protein Synthesis Overview Label the summary of protein synthesis diagrammed below using the following terms: transcription, translation, DNA, mRNA, ribosome, tRNA, amino acid, polypeptide, nucleus, codon, and anticodon. What is it? DNA mRNA tRNA Amino acids Transcription translation Where is it? Picture TRANSCRIPTION For the following examples, give the appropriate sequence of DNA, mRNA, tRNA and/or polypeptide (AA = amino acids). Remember: A codon chart can only be used for decoding a strand of mRNA. DNA to Protein WorksheetWrite the corresponding strand of DNA for each codon below. CAT TAG GCC AGC TGA CTT GAC CAG GAG TGC ________________________________________________________ Write the corresponding strand of mRNA for each DNA codon below. CAT TAG GCC AGC TGA CTT GAC CAG GAG TGC ________________________________________________________ Write the corresponding tRNA anti-codons for each mRNA codon below. CAU UAG GCC AGC UGA CUU GAC CAG GAG UGC ______________________________________________________ Write the amino acids for each mRNA codon below. CUA ___________ AUC ____________ CGG ________________ ____________ UCG 1. Write the corresponding DNA strands for the DNA strands below: ATT CAT TAG GAG CAC TAC GCA __________________________ CGA TCG GAT CCA CAG TGA CGA __________________________ TGA CGA CCG GGG TCC GAT CCA __________________________ 2. Write the corresponding mRNA strands for the DNA strands below: ATT CAT TAG GAG CAC TAC GCA __________________________ CGA TCG GAT CCA CAG TGA CGA __________________________ TGA CGA CCG GGG TCC GAT CCA __________________________ 3. Write the corresponding tRNA anti-codons for each mRNA codon below: AUU CAU UAG GAG CAC UAC GCA __________________________ CGA UCG GAU CCA CAG UGA CGA __________________________ UGA CGA CCG GGG UCC GAU CCA __________________________ Name _______________________________________ Date ___________ Per ____ DNA: The Molecule of Heredity 1. A nucleotide is made of three parts: a ___________________ group, a five carbon __________________, and a _________________ base. 2. In a single strand of DNA, the phosphate group binds to the __________________ of the next group. 3. In DNA, thymine is complementary to (or pairs with) ________________ ; cytosine is complementary to _____________. 4. James Watson and Francis Crick with, the help of Rosalind Franklin and others, determined that the shape of the DNA molecule was a __________________________. 7. On the diagram to the right: Circle and label a nucleotide. Label the sugar and phosphate molecules. Label the bases that are not already labeled. Label a base pair. Label the sugar-phosphate backbones. Label the hydrogen bonds. WHAT ARE THE STEPS OF DNA REPLICATION? WHAT DOES SEMICONSERVATIVE MEAN? What are three differences between DNA and RNA? Biotechnology 1. What process made this DNA fingerprint? 2. Who committed the crime? 3. What is another use of this technology? Type of biotech Cloning Definition Examples/ethical info Transgenic Organisms Selective Breeding Human Genome Project Stem Cell research CELL TEST 2 STUDY GUIDE Rearrange the following pieces to create the equation for photosynthesis: Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Water, Glucose, Sunlight, Rearrange the following pieces to create the equation for respiration: Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Water, Glucose, ATP, Draw & label the carbon cycle Explain the difference between ADP and ATP. Which type of respiration is most efficient? Why? A plant is kept in a brightly lighted area for 2 weeks. For the following 2 weeks the plant is kept in a shaded area. What will happen to the oxygen and glucose production? What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? For respiration? What type of organism does photosynthesis? Respiration? What is happening in the picture to the right? What gas has filled the balloon? Lactic acid build up in your muscles is a result of what? Bread dough rising results from what process? Alcohol is created by what processes. 1. Circle one nucleotide (monomer) in the diagram below. 2. Identify the subunits of a nucleotide. 3. A DNA strand has the following sequence of bases: AAGTCG. What would be the sequence of bases on the complementary strand? 4. Using the model in question #1, add appropriate letters in the spaces for the nitrogenous bases. Make certain that the complementary pairs match correctly. 5. What two individuals have received credit for discovering the double helix structure of DNA? 6. What major class of carbon compounds is formed from nucleotides? 7. Examine the diagram below. Identify the structures indicated by X and Y. Y