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Transcript
AP Biology Mrs. Morton Study Guide: Chapter 14 “Mendel and the Gene Idea” Key terms: Trait True-breeding Hybridization P generation F1 generation F2 generation Alleles Dominant allele Recessive allele Law of segregation Punnett square Homozygous Heterozygous Phenotype Genotype Testcross Monohybrid Dihybrid law of independent assortment incomplete dominance complete dominance codominance pleiotropy epistasis polygenetic inheritance multifactorial pedigree carrier cystic fibrosis Tay-Sachs disease sickle-cell anemia Huningtons’ disease Marfan’s syndrome amniocentesis chorionic villus sampling (CVS) Objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. List four components of Mendel’s hypothesis that lead him to deduce the law of segregation. State Mendel’s Law of segregation. Distinguish between genotype and phenotype, heterozygous and homozygous, dominant and recessive, monohybrid, dihybrid, trihybrid. Know how to use Punnett squares. Define Mendel’s law of independent assortment Define random event, and explain why it’s significant that allele segregation during meiosis and fusion of gametes at fertilization are random events. Use the laws of probability to calculate genetic problems. Give an example of incomplete dominance and explain why it’s not evidence for the blending theory of inheritance. Describe the inheritance of the ABO blood system. Know and give examples of variations of Mendelian inheritance. Describe a simple model for polygenic inheritance Describe how environmental conditions can influence the phenotypic expression of a character. Describe the inheritance and expression of the above listed genetic diseases. Give an example of a late-acting lethal dominant in humans and explain how it can escape elimination Explain how carrier recognition, fetal testing, and newborn screening can be used in genetic screening and counseling.