Download 3U Exam Review june 2015

SBI3U/E Exam Review
Genetics
Terminology
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
DNA
Gene
Locus
Cell cycle
Mitosis
Ootid
Chromatin
spermatocytes
Cytokinesis
Gene
Chromosome
Sister chromatid
Metastasis
Spindle fibres
Meiosis
Tetrad
Homologous
chromosomes
Nucleotide
Purine
Adenine
disorders
ultrasound
non-disjunction
Pleiotrophic alleles
Purebred Stock
Crossing over
Gametogenesis
Polar bodies
Oocytes
Sex Chromosome
Trisomy
Monosomy
Karyotype
Spermatogonium
Autosome chromosome
Dominant
Recessive
Alleles
Centromere
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Genotype
Punnett square
Hybridization
Inbreeding Gametes
Haplid
Dioploid
Zygote
Synapsis
Complete dominance
Phenotype
chromosome
Polygenic Traits
Questions
1. What are the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis.
2. How is crossing over different from independent assortment?
3. What are characteristics (extra or missing chromosome / sex chromosome or autosome
chromosome) of Turner syndrome, Down syndrome and Klinefelter’ syndrome?
4. Be able to draw a nondisjunction diagram of the sex cells.
5. In a disputed paternity case, a woman with blood type B has a child with type O, and she
claimed that it had been fathered by a man with type A. What can be proved from these facts?
6. T = Tall, t = short B = brown hair, b = blonde hair
Cross a homozygous tall, heterozygous brown haired male with a heterozygous tall, blonde
haired female. Use a Punnett square to show parents and gametes.
a) What is the phenotypic ratio?
b) How many offspring are homozygous for both characteristics?
c) How many offspring are heterozygous for
both characteristics?
7. Palomino horses are known to be caused by the
interaction of two different genes. The allele Cr in
the homozygous condition produces a chestnut, or
reddish color, horse. The allele Cm produces a
very pale cream color, called cremello, in the
homozygous condition. The palomino color is
caused by the interaction of both the chestnut and
cremello alleles. Indicate the expected ratios in the
F1 generation from mating a palomino with a
cremello. Name this type of inheritance.
Evolution
Terminology
1. Evolution
2. Microfossils
3. Radioactive decay
4. Catastrophism
5. Half-life
6. Homologous
7. Analogous
8. Vestigial
9. Gene pool
10. Pseudogenes
11. Allele frequency
12. Genotype frequency
13. Evolution
14. Bottleneck effect
15. Gene flow
16. Founder effect
17. Neutral mutation
18. Directional selection
19. Disruptive selection
20. Sexual selection
21. Sexual dimorphism
22. Speciation
23. Microevolution
24. Species
25. Reproductive isolating mechanisms
26. Prezygotic mechanisms
27. Ecological isolation
28. Temporal isolation
29. Behavioural isolation
30. Mechanical isolation
31. Gametic isolation
32. Hybrids
33. Postzygotic mechanisms
34. Zygotic mortality
35. Sympatric speciation
36. Divergent evolution
37. Convergent evolution
38. Permineralized fossil
39. Homoplasies
40. Adaptive radiation
41. Coevolution
42. Adaptation
43. Cumulative selection
44. Altruism
45. Kin selection
46. Hybrid inviability
47. Hybrid infertility
48. Allopatric speciation
49. Lethal mutation
50. Beneficial mutation
51. Stabilizing selection
Questions
1. What is the frequency of homozygous dominant cats if the number of cats with the recessive
trait it 72%
2. Tongue-rolling is a dominant trait in humans, if a class of 30 has 20 tongue rollers, determine
the frequency of both alleles in the class.
3. Explain the presence of seemingly negative traits in some populations (i.e. Huge horns on deer,
peacock tails, etc.)
4. What are the different types of reproductive isolating mechanisms?
5. What is the difference between analogous and homologous traits and provide an example of
each
6. What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution? Provide an example of
both.
7. What is the difference between Stabilizing Selection, Directional Selection and Disruptive
Selection.
8. Indicate the Pattern of selection (disruptive, stabilizing, directional) that best applies to the
following examples
a) In a certain species of fish males can be found that are very small or very large, there is no
male fish that are medium size.
b) The length of time whales can stay under water
c) Birth size in humans
d) Bill size of Darwin’s finches under normal conditions of rain (think back to the gizmo
activity)
e) Bill size of Darwin’s finches when rainfall was increased.
Diversity
Terminology:
Biodiversity
Species
Heterotroph
Autotroph
transformation
Vectors
Host range
Epidemic
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
Asexual
Saprophytes
chitin
mycelium
pandemic
Coccus
Bacillus
Pili
Flagellum
Gram +
Gram malaria
septa
hypha
Chlorophyll
Multicellular
Unicellular
vascular
symbiotic
endospore
budding
fragmentation
prokaryote
eukaryote
endosymbiosis
spore
Tap root
lignin
Vertebrates
Invertebrates
Asymmetrical
radial
Obligate aerobe
Obligate anaerobe
Facultative aerobe
Binary fission
transduction
conjugation
producers
decomposers
Bilateral
Coelom
Gut
Blastula
Morphology
Antibiotic resistance
1. Which group or groups show the following characteristics (know– similarities and differences
between groups - summary chart)?
a) eukaryotic cell
b) are not truly living
c) prokaryotic cell
d) reproduce by both sexual and asexual means
e) only unicellular
f) have some (or all) species that are autotrophs
g) only multicellular
h) heterotrophs
i) both unicellular and multicellular
j) reproduce mostly sexually
Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
List the TAXA in order form smallest to largest
List 2 advantages and 1 disadvantage of plants evolving to live on land?
The presence of what structures allow plants to grow extremely tall?
Name a few similarities and differences between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
List 2 ways gymnosperms are well adapted to weather in Canada
List 2 reasons why viruses are not given a kingdom.
List 2 similarities and differences between:
a. prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.
b. eubacteria and archaea
c. plante and animals
d. protists and fungi
8. Name a few differences between monocots and dicots
Plants
Terminology:
Vascular Tissue
Meristem
Apical meristem
Vascular cambium
Xylem
Phloem
Dermal tissue
Vascular tissue
Ground tissue
Cuticle
Schlerenchyma
Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
Blade
Node
Internode
Petiole
Simple leaf
Compound leaf
Vascular bundle
Aerenchyma
Eudicot
Monocot
Herbaceous stem
Woody stem
Bark
Cork cambium
Tracheids
Vessel elements
Sieve cells
Corms
Root hairs
Cortex
Endodermis
Tap root
Fibrous root
Adventitious root
Osmosis
Active transport
Adhesion
Passive transport
Source
Sink
Lateral meristem
Auxin
Gibberellin
Cytokinin
Ethylene
Abscisic Acid
Tropism
Epidermis
Periderm
Parenchyma
collenchyma
Guard cells
Stomata
Palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Companion cells
Stolons (runners)
Rhizomes
Tubers
Cohesion
Root pressure
Capillary action
Transpiration
Gravitropism
Thigmotropism
Phototropism
grafting
Scion
Anther
Stigma
Ovary
Ovule
Sepal
microspore
pollen
Megaspore
Double
Fertilization
cotyledon
endosperm
pericarp
cone
Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What are the three types of tissues in vascular plants and what are their basic function?
What functions do leaves serve (in and out)?
What functions do plants stems fulfill for the plant (5 functions)?
Compare and contrast the function of the phloem and xylem.
What are the four main functions of roots?
What are the three driving forces for the movement of water and nutrients in plants (roots, stem
and leaves).
7. Why must active transport be used to move sugars and other solutes into the phloem?
8. Describe secondary growth (how trees grow in diameter). Name all relevant tissues
Animals:
Terminology:
Absorption
ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Alveoli
Amylase
Aneurysm
Antigen
Arrhythmia
Arteries
Atherosclerosis
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Atrioventricular node (AV)
Atrium
Average heart rate and
Bile
blood pressure
Blood types
bolus
Bronchi
CAD
Capillaries
Carbohydrases
Cardiac
Cellular respiration
(formula)
Chyme
Cilia
Cirrhosis
Closed circulatory
system
Congenital heart defects
Crohn’s Disease
Diaphragm
Diastole
Digestion
Duodenum
Egestion
Embolism
Endoscope
Enzyme
Erythrocytes
Esophageal sphincter
Esophagus
Exhalation
Expiratory reserve
Gallbladder
Gastric cancer
Hemoglobin
Hypertension
Ileum
Ingestion
Inhalation
Inspiratory reserve
Insulin
Jejunem
Larynx
Leukocytes
Lipase
Liver
Myogenic muscle
Open circulatory system
Oxidation
Pacemaker
Pancreas
Parotid
Pepsin
Pericardium
Peristalsis
Pharynx
Plasma
Platelets
Proteases
Pulmonary vein
Pyloric sphincter
Respiration
Rugae
Secretin
Semilunar valve
Septum
Sinoatrial node (SA)
Systole
Thermoregulation
Thrombus
Tidal volume
Trachea
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Vein
Ventilation
Ventricle
Villi
Vital capacity
Questions :
1. How does the structure of the lungs maximize oxygen uptake?
2. What are the factors that affect lung capacity?
3. What are erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes? What is the function of each?
4. What are the implications to someone that has a pancreas that is unable to produce an alkaline
substance? Name the substance in your answer.
5. Compare and contrast veins and arteries. Include the one exception.
6. Using arrows show the path of blood as it returns from the upper and
lower body and moves
towards the lungs, on the diagram below
7. Name the parts of the digestive system that perform the following tasks.
a) physical/mechanical digestion ______________________________
b) allows food to enter the small intestine _________________________
c) produces bile _____________________________________________________
d) neutralizes acidic food (chyme) ______________________________________
e) produces insulin and other hormones that regulate blood sugar levels ________
f) most of the water is recovered here ___________________________
g) makes vitamins __________________________________________