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The
Crusades
Aim: What was the goal of the crusades?
Did the Crusaders achieve their goal?
Crusades
The Crusades were a
series of battles
between Christians
and Muslims in the
Middle East.
Christian knights
wanted to take the
Holy Land and give it
back to Christians.
Motivation:
•
•
•
•
•
Wealth & Land
Loved to fight
Adventure
Free Ticket to Heaven
The Crusaders were also
looking for the relics (holy
artifacts) of Christianity.
Can you name any?
• The Holy Grail (cup that held some of Christ’s blood from cross)
• Spear of Destiny (spear which Roman Soldier poked Christ on cross)
• Ark of the Covenant (held the 10 Commandments)
• Christ Burial Shroud (cloth that covered Christ in tomb)
• Cross (Christ’s) Pieces scattered all throughout the world
• and many others
The Shroud of Turin
Prior to Crusades
Jerusalem itself was a
multicultural city. Jews,
Muslims and Christians
all lived together
harmoniously.
Christians on
pilgrimages to
Jerusalem were freely
allowed across to the
Holy Places
Alexius I of
Byzantine Empire
Asked For Help and
Pope Urban II Called
For the 1st Crusade
“God wills it!”
The Crusades
The Crusades were a series of eight (8) military
campaigns to the Holy Land and Jerusalem.
The Christians (Crusaders) were fighting the Muslims for
control of Jerusalem, the Christians most holy city. The
Christians took control of Jerusalem, but then lost it again.
Major Figures of the Crusades
• Pope Urban II
• Called for 1st Crusade
• Alexius I
• Byzantine Emperor threatened by
Muslims
• Calls for help (Pope Urban II)
• Saladin
• Successful Muslim leader who
retakes Jerusalem from
Christians.
• Richard the Lionheart
• Famous Christian leader captured
the city of Acre in the Third
Crusade.
Success of the Crusades???????
• The 1st Crusade was the only
successful one!!!
• Jerusalem captured 1099
• Crusader States established
• 1187 Saladin recaptures Jerusalem
• Slowly takes over Crusader States
• Crusades lasted over a period of 200
years
• Fourth Crusade
• Christians vs Christians
• 1291 last Christian outpost taken by
Muslims
• Port city of Acre
Impact of the Crusades
Persecution of Jews and Muslims
Hatred between Christians & Muslims
Economic development via increase in
trade
Monarchs gained power due taxation
Catholic Church lost power
Breakdown of Feudalism
Deeping split between Eastern & Western
Christianity
Interest in Learning
Leads to Exploration & Renaissance
Byzantine Empire weakened
The Reconquista
Kingdom of Portugal and Spain are
established on the Iberian Peninsula
Both Christian kingdoms
Spain > Ferdinand & Isabella
(King/Queen)
Reconquista (Reconquest)
Drive Muslims (called Moors) out of
Iberian Peninsula
Ferdinand & Isabella establish
religious unity
Only Roman Catholicism
Inquisition
• Church Court to try people for heresy
Jews & Muslims pushed out of Spain