Download 1 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for the first 125 s of the

1 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for the first 125 s of the journey
of a lorry.
(a) During the motion shown, describe what happens to
(i) the speed of the lorry,
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(ii) the acceleration of the lorry.
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....................[4]
(b) Determine the maximum speed of the lorry in m/s and in km/h.
speed = .................................. m/s
speed = ................................ km/h [2]
2 Fig. 3.1 illustrates the arrangement of the molecules of a substance
in its solid, liquid and gaseous states.
(a) State which arrangement, A, B or C, contains molecules with the
most energy.
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(b) Explain, in terms of the forces between the molecules and their
separation, why
(i) gases are easier to compress than liquids,
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.................[2]
(ii) latent heat is needed to change the substance from solid to liquid.
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(c) Define the term specific latent heat of fusion of a substance.
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3 Fig. 4.1 shows an incorrect electromagnetic spectrum drawn by a
student. The parts of the spectrum and the wavelengths are in the
wrong order. The values of the wavelengths do not match the correct
parts of the spectrum.
4 Electrostatic charges can be placed on objects by friction.
State the name of the charged particle that is transferred from one
object to another in this process.
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5 The lamps in a house are connected in parallel to the mains supply.
(a) On Fig. 6.1, draw three lamps and their switches connected to the
mains supply.
(a) On Fig. 4.2, complete the table of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Radio waves and their correct wavelength have been inserted for you.
(b) Each lamp is labelled 240V, 30W. Calculate the current in one
lamp when it is operating correctly.
(b) State the speed of all electromagnetic waves in a vacuum.
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.......................[1]
current = .....................................[2]
(c) State the current from the mains supply when the three lamps are
switched on.
current = .....................................[1]
6 Fig. 2.1 shows a ray of light PQR passing along a simple optical
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fibre to its end at R.
(a) (i) Explain why the ray PQ does not leave the optical fibre at Q.
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(ii) Explain why the ray QR changes direction at R.
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[3]
(b) The refractive index of glass is 1.5. The ray QR makes an angle of
15° with the normal to the glass surface at R. Calculate the angle x,
shown on Fig. 2.1.
angle x = ...................................... [2]
(c) State one advantage of optical fibres rather than copper wires for
carrying telephone communications.
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7 Fig. 1.1 shows a free-fall parachutist falling vertically downwards.
Fig. 1.2 shows how the speed of the parachutist varies with time.
(a) (i) State the name of the downward force acting on the parachutist.
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(ii) State the name of one upward force acting on the parachutist.
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(b) (i) State the initial value of the acceleration of the parachutist. Give
the unit of your answer.
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(ii) Explain why the acceleration decreases from A to B.
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(iii) Explain why the parachutist falls at a constant speed after B.
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8 Heat is transferred by conduction, convection and radiation.
(a) (i) State which of the three methods is responsible for the transfer
of heat from the Sun to the Earth.
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(ii) Explain why the other two methods cannot be involved in this
transfer.
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(b) A hand feels hot when placed above a lighted match, as shown in
Fig. 2.1.
Explain in detail how convection causes this to happen.
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(c) Fig. 2.2 shows a layer of fibreglass placed between the ceiling of a
house.
Explain how the layer of fibreglass helps to keep the room warm when
it is cold outside.
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9 Fig. 4.1 shows a student clapping in front of a vertical wall. The wall
reflects the sound.
the volume of a piece of wire.
The wire is about 80 cm long and about 0.2 cm in diameter.
Which measuring instruments should the student use?
11 Which quantity X is calculated using this equation?
The student changes the number of claps made in 1 minute until the
reflection of each clap returns to her at exactly the same time as she
makes the next clap.
The speed of sound in air is 330 m/s.
(a) Explain what is meant by speed.
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(b) Calculate the time between claps.
A acceleration
B average velocity
C distance travelled
D speed
12 The graph shows the movement of a car over a period of 50 s.
time = …………………….. [3]
(c) Calculate the number of claps in 1 minute.
number of claps = ……………….. [2]
10 A student has been asked to determine, as accurately as possible,
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What was the distance travelled by the car while its speed was
increasing?
A 10 m B 20 m C 100 m D 200 m
13 Which relationship defines gravitational field strength?
A mass x 10
B mass x weight
C mass / weight
D weight / mass
14 Which is a statement of Newton’s third law of motion?
A Every force causes a reaction.
B If there is no resultant force on a body then there is no acceleration.
C The forces acting on a body are always equal and opposite.
D To every action there is an equal but opposite reaction.
15 A horizontal pole is attached to the side of a building. There is a
pivot P at the wall and a chain is connected from the end of the pole to
a point higher up the wall.
There is a tension force F in the chain.
What is the moment of the force F about the pivot P?
16 A spring balance is calibrated to give readings in newtons.
The graph shows how the length of the spring varies with the load.
A load causes the spring of the balance to extend by 3 cm.
What is the balance reading?
A 3 N B 5 N C 10 N D 15 N
17 Forces of 3 N and 4 N are acting as shown in the diagram.
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Which diagram may be used to find the resultant R of these two
forces?
C chemical → kinetic → electrical → potential
D kinetic → heat → light → electrical
20 The diagram shows a glass block resting on a table top.
18 A car is driven along a level road. The total energy input from the
petrol is 60 kJ, and the car wastes 45 kJ of energy.
19 Which represents the main energy changes that take place in a
coal-fired power station?
The area of the block in contact with the table is X and the area of the
table top is Y.
The weight of the block is P and the weight of the table is Q.
Which expression gives the pressure exerted on the table by the
block?
21 The diagram shows the levels X and Y in a liquid manometer when
the gas tap is opened.
A chemical → heat → kinetic → electrical
B chemical → heat → light → electrical
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What is the pressure of the gas in the cylinder?
A 18 cm of liquid below atmospheric pressure
B 9 cm of liquid below atmospheric pressure
C 9 cm of liquid above atmospheric pressure
D 18 cm of liquid above atmospheric pressure
22 A substance consists of particles that are close together and
moving past each other at random. The average speed of the
particles is gradually increasing.
What best describes the substance?
A a liquid being boiled to form a gas
B a liquid being heated
C a solid being heated
D a solid being melted to form a liquid
23 A liquid-in-glass thermometer consists of a bulb containing a liquid.
The liquid can expand into a very thin capillary tube.
The liquid in the thermometer is replaced by another liquid that
expands more for the same temperature rise.
The new thermometer will have
A greater sensitivity and greater range.
B greater sensitivity but less range.
C the same sensitivity and the same range.
D the same sensitivity but greater range.
24 Fig. 1.1 shows a 0.4 kg mass hanging at rest from a spring.[05nov]
(a) State what is meant by the mass of an object.
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..................... [1]
(b) (i) On Fig. 1.1, draw an arrow showing the direction and the line of
action for each of the two forces that act on the mass. Write the name
of the force next to each arrow. [2]
(ii) The gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg. Calculate the size of
each of the two forces acting on the mass.
first force = ........................... second force = ............................ [2]
(c) The mass is pulled downwards. State and explain what happens
to the upward force.
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25 Fig. 2.1 shows a stationary piston in a cylinder.
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(b) The piston is pushed inwards and the temperature of the gas stays
constant.
(i) The piston moves 0.10 m. The average force exerted on the piston
to compress the gas is 23 N.
Calculate the work done. State the formula that you use.
work done = ........................ [2]
(ii) The gas in the cylinder starts at a pressure of 1.0 105 Pa and has
a volume of100 cm3. The volume of the gas decreases to 80 cm3.
Calculate the final pressure of the gas. State the formula that you use.
pressure = .......................... [3]
26 A student produces wavefronts in a ripple tank to demonstrate
refraction, as shown in Fig. 3.1. He places a sheet of glass under the
water on the right-hand side of the tank. The arrows show the
directions of movement of the wavefronts.
(a) The gas in the cylinder exerts the same pressure on the piston as
it does on the sealed end. The sealed end has a smaller
cross-sectional area.
Use ideas about molecules to explain why the pressures are the
same.
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State what happens to each of the following quantities as the
wavefronts change direction.
(i) wavelength
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(ii) speed
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(iii)frequency
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27 X-rays, microwaves, ultra-violet rays and infra-red rays are
different types of radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum.
(a) Write the name of one of these types of radiation in each of the
boxes, placing them in order of increasing wavelength.
(b) State one use of ultra-violet radiation.
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(c) State two properties that are common to all types of radiation in
the electromagnetic spectrum.
1. ..........................................................................................................
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2. ..........................................................................................................
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28 This question is about the sound produced by a mobile phone and
the energy changes while it is operating.
(a) The sound produced by a ringing phone consists of two notes, one
after the other.
Fig. 5.1 shows the trace on an oscilloscope screen produced by the
first of the notes.
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The second note is louder and has a higher pitch.
(i) On Fig. 5.1, continue the trace to show what happens when the
second note is sounding. [1]
(ii) Explain the differences between the two traces.
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29 Fig. 1.1 represents the motion of a car along a straight road. As the
car approaches a small town, it slows down. The car travels at a
constant speed from the start of the town to the end of the town. After
passing through the town, the car speeds up.
(a) (i) Determine the speed of the car in the town.
speed = ................................................. [1]
(ii) Determine the time taken by the car to pass through the town.
time taken = .......................................... [1]
(iii) Calculate the distance travelled by the car in the town.
distance = .............................................. [1]
(b) The car accelerates after passing through the town.
Calculate the acceleration. Give the unit of your answer.
acceleration = ........................................ [3]
30 Fig. 2.1 shows apparatus that demonstrates how a coin and a
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piece of paper fall from rest.
At the positions shown in Fig. 2.1, the coin and paper are falling
through air in the tube. The forces on them are shown in Fig. 2.2. The
length of an arrow indicates the size of each force.
(a) State the initial value of the acceleration of the coin as it falls.
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(b) Explain how Fig. 2.2 shows that
(i) the paper falls with constant speed,
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(ii) the coin accelerates.
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(c) A vacuum pump is connected to A and the air in the tube is
removed.
The coin and paper fall differently in a vacuum from the way they fall
in air.
State two of these differences.
1. ..........................................................................................................
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2. ..........................................................................................................
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31 Three horizontal rods are placed with one end just above a Bunsen
flame. The other end of each rod is coated with wax, as shown in Fig.
3.1.
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(a) Describe how you would use the apparatus to discover which rod
is the best conductor of heat.
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(b) Two metal teapots are identical except that one is black on the
outside and the other is white on the outside, as shown in Fig. 3.2.
of 50° with the surface of the mirror.
(i) Complete Fig. 4.1 to show the normal and the reflected ray at X. [1]
(ii) State the values of
1. the angle of incidence, ............................................... [1]
2. the angle of reflection. ............................................... [1]
(b) Describe with the help of a diagram how you would find the
position of the image produced by a plane mirror.
The teapots each contain the same amount of hot water.
State and explain which teapot will cool down more quickly.
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32 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a ray of light incident on a mirror at X. The
incident ray makes an angle
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33 Fig. 7.1 shows one way to demonstrate an electrical effect.
As the wire is moved downwards between the magnetic poles, the
needle of the ammeter deflects to the right.
(a) State the name of this electrical effect.
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(b) State what happens to the needle of the ammeter when the wire is
moved upwards between the magnetic poles.
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(c) State and explain what happens when the wire is held stationary
between the magnetic poles.
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34 Fig. 8.1 shows an electrical circuit using two resistors.
(a) The switch S is open and the ammeter reading is zero.
State the value of the potential difference across the 6_ resistor.
potential difference = ............................. [1]
(b) Switch S is now closed.
(i) State the value of the total resistance of the circuit.
resistance = .............................................[1]
(ii) Calculate the current in the ammeter. State clearly the formula that
you use.
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current = ..................................................[2]
(iii) Calculate the potential difference across the 6  resistor.
p.d. = .......................................................[2]
35 An object is falling under gravity with terminal velocity.
What is happening to its speed?
A It is decreasing to a lower value.
B It is decreasing to zero.
C It is increasing.
D It is staying constant.
36On the Earth, the gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg. On the
Moon, the gravitational field strength is 1.6 N/kg.
If an object has a weight of 50 N on Earth, what is its weight on the
Moon?
A 1.6N B 5.0N C 8.0N D 80N
37Ten identical steel balls, each of mass 27 g, are immersed in a
measuring cylinder containing 20 cm3 of water.
The reading of the water level rises to 50 cm3.
What is the density of the steel?
A 0.90 g/cm3 B 8.1 g/cm3 C 9.0 g/cm3 D 13.5 g/cm3
38 An extension-load graph is plotted to show the result of increasing
the load on a spring.
Which point marks the limit of proportionality for this spring?
39 A person just supports a mass of 20 kg suspended from a rope.
What is the resultant force acting on the mass?
A 0N B 10 N C 20 N D 200N
40 A driver’s foot presses with a steady force of 20 N on a pedal in a
car as shown.
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43 The diagram shows a simple mercury barometer.
Which height is a measure of the atmospheric pressure?
What is the force F pulling on the piston?
A 2.5 N B 10 N C 100 N D 160 N
41 Which of the following groups of physical quantities consists only
of scalars?
A acceleration, force, velocity
B acceleration, mass, speed
C force, time, velocity
D mass, speed, time
42 A boy, who weighs 50 N, runs up a flight of stairs 6.5m high in 7
seconds.
How much power does he develop?
44 Ice at –10 °C is heated at a constant rate until it is water at +10 °C.
Which graph shows how the temperature changes with time?
45 A clinical thermometer is designed to respond quickly to a change
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in temperature and to have a high sensitivity.
Which design features should the clinical thermometer have?
46 Which of the following is an example of a transverse and a
longitudinal wave?
48 What is true for real images formed by a converging lens?
A They are inverted.
B They are on the same side of the lens as the object.
C They can never be shown on a screen.
D They cannot be seen by the human eye.
49 The sounds produced by two musical instruments are directed
towards a microphone connected to an oscilloscope (cro). The
waveforms produced on the screen are shown.
47 A ray of light is incident on one side of a rectangular glass block.
Its path is plotted through the block and out through another side.
Which path is not possible?
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The waveforms show that the sounds produced have a different
property.
What is the property?
A frequency
B speed
C timbre (quality)
D wavelength
50 Which diagram correctly shows the electric field between two
charged spheres?
51 An electrical quantity is defined as ‘the energy converted by a
source in driving a unit charge round a complete circuit.’
What is this quantity called?
A current
B electromotive force
C potential difference
D power
52 The diagram shows an electric circuit.
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Which pair of readings is obtained when a suitable power supply is
connected between X and Y?
53The diagram shows part of an electric circuit.
What is the current in the 2resistor?
A 0.6A B 1.2A C 3.0A D 6.0A
54 A wire hangs between the poles of a magnet.
When there is a current in the wire, in which direction does the wire
move?
55 What is the part of a simple d.c. motor that reverses the direction of
current through the coil every half-cycle?
A the armature
B the brushes
C the commutator
D the slip rings
56 In a laboratory on Earth, balances show that an object has a mass
of 2 kg and a weight of 20 N.
The same balances and object are then taken to the Moon, where the
gravitational field strength is less than on the Earth.
Are the mass and weight of the object the same, or less, than before?
Mass
weight
A less
less
B less
same
C same
less
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D same
same
57 The diagram shows a material with dimensions 5 cm 4cm 2 cm.
It has a mass of 100 g.
What is the density of the material?
A 0.40 g / cm3
B 2.5 g / cm3
C 5.0 g / cm3
D 10 g / cm3
58 When a block of wood of mass 2 kg is pushed along the horizontal
flat surface of a bench, the friction force measured is 4N.
When the block is pushed along the same bench with a force of 10 N,
it moves with a constant
A speed of 3m/ s.
B speed of 5m/ s.
C acceleration of 3m/ s2.
D acceleration of 5m/ s2.
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