Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Ebola virus disease wikipedia , lookup
Viral phylodynamics wikipedia , lookup
Social history of viruses wikipedia , lookup
Endogenous retrovirus wikipedia , lookup
Oncolytic virus wikipedia , lookup
Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus wikipedia , lookup
Bacteriophage wikipedia , lookup
Introduction to viruses wikipedia , lookup
Virus quantification wikipedia , lookup
Plant virus wikipedia , lookup
ACADEMIC BIOLOGY: READING GUIDE for Ch. 18, Section 1 Name: 18.1: VIRUSES 1. What are the two objectives of this section according to the section preview on pg 475? 2. Define the following words: a. nucleic acid b. virus c. host cell d. bacteriophage e. capsid f. lytic cycle g. lysogenic cycle h. provirus i. retrovirus j. reverse transcriptase 1 WHAT IS A VIRUS? 3. What are four reasons that viruses are considered to be non living? (pg. 475) 4. “Seven similar-looking viruses that infect the common intestinal bacteria, Escherichia coli, have the code numbers _____ through _____. T stands for ________.” (pg. 475) VIRAL STRUCTURE 5. After reading the 2 paragraphs in this section, describe in your own words 2 ways that all viruses are alike and 2 ways that viruses may differ. (pg. 476). ATTACHMENT TO A HOST CELL 6. Read the second paragraph in this section and explain in your own words how is the attachment of a virus to its host cell like two pieces of a jigsaw puzzle fitting together? (pg. 476) ATTACHMENT IS A SPECIFIC PROCESS 7. Most viruses are ‘species specific’ meaning they can only attach to a few kinds of cell. Which kind of virus is easier to control, species specific viruses, or one that is not species specific? Describe the evidence in this section to support your answer. (pg 477-478) VIRAL REPLICATION CYCLES 8. Viruses have 2 ways of getting into a cell. The virus may inject its nucleic acid into the host cell, like a _____________. An enveloped virus enters the host cell in a different way. After attachment, the plasma membrane of the host cell _____________ the virus and produces a virus-filled _____________. Then the virus bursts out of the vacuole and releases its _______________ ________ into the cell. (pg. 478) LYTIC CYCLE 9. Read about the lytic cycle on page 479. In this type of viral replication, the host cell uses its own _______________, ______ _________________, and ____________ to make copies of viral genes that 2 along with viral proteins are assembled into new viruses, which _________ from the host cell, _____________ it. LYSOGENIC CYCLE 10. The lysogenic cycle like the lytic cycle in the way it begins. The virus _______________ to the host cell’s plasma membrane and its ___________ ______ enters the cell. (pg 479) 11. In your own words, explain how the lysogenic cycle is different from the lytic cycle (pg. 479): DISEASE SYMPTOMS OF PROVIRUSES 12. What are 3 examples of disease-causing viruses that undergo the lysogenic cycle? (pg. 480) RETROVIRUSES 13. The type of genetic material that a retrovirus, such as HIV has is _________? (page 481) HIV: AN INFECTION OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS 14. After reading the first paragraph in this section, explain in your own words why an individual with HIV can transmit the virus, even when not appearing sick? (page 482) 3