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KEY Viruses - Review Directions: In each space below, fill in the term described. 1. The protein coat of a virus is known as a ___capsid___. 2. Viral DNA that is integrated into a bacterial chromosome is a ___prophage___. 3. The bursting of a host cell is also called ___lysis____. 4. Viruses can be classified according to which genetic material, __DNA__ or ___RNA__, makes up the viral core. 5. Early viral studies were done with the __tobacco__ ___mosaic___ virus. 6. Viruses are much __smaller__ than bacteria in size. 7. RNA viruses are also called ____retroviruses___. 8. Some viruses have an outer ___coating___ that helps them enter their host cell. 9. Temperate viruses reproduce via the __lysogenic__ cycle. Directions: Answer the following. 1. What are the two main parts of a virus? • capsid • nucleic acid core 2. What is a bacteriophage? Answer - A virus that affects bacterial cells 3. What is the scientific proofs that viruses are not living organisms? Answer – unable to reproduce without a host and not composed of cells. 4. At what point in the reproductive cycle of the T4 Bacteriophage is host cell infection irreversible? Answer – once the nucleic acid has been injected into the cell. 1 Directions: Look at the diagram below showing the lytic cycle of the T4 Bacteriophage. Provide a term that KEY describes what is happening at each numbered stage. Answer – 1. – recognition 2. – insertion 3. – replication 4. – assembly 5. - lysis Directions: Compare and contrast. 1. Lytic cycle and Lysogenic cycle • same in that they are both Answer – cause replication and assembly of viral particles, resulting in cell lysis. • different in that Answer – lytic cycle the process starts immediately and lysogenic the process is halted for a time and a prophage forms. 2