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The Psychology of Sex: Dr. D. Wardell Psych 405 A1, Final Exam Sample Questions: Spring, 2010 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The significance of the "John/Joan" case to the issue of gender identity was that a. it suggested that biology plays a more important role than environment in the formation of gender identity. b. it suggested that environment plays a more important role than biology in the formation of gender identity. c. it suggested that gender identity remains fixed as long as parental input is consistent. d. it suggested that gender identity remains fixed as long as there is no anatomic incongruity. 2. Research has consistently indicated that short-term exposure to erotica produces a. small and transient increases in sexual acts that are already practiced by individuals or couples. b. noticeable increases in unprotected sexual acts among teenage viewers. c. noticeable long-term increases in unusual or aggressive sexual acts previously unpracticed by individuals or couples. d. small long-term increases in normative nonaggressive sexual acts in viewers of all ages. 3. The criticism of DSM criteria for sexual dysfunctions for women is that: a. they are too b. they are too c. they are too dysfunction, d. they are too dysfunction narrow for hypoactive desire, and too broad for the other broad for dysfunctions of desire and arousal broad for hypoactive desire, and too narrow for arousal and therefore overdiagnose orgasmic dysfunction narrow for hypoactive desire and too broad for orgasmic 4. The learning theories of paraphilias developed because of the ________ of behaviour modification in the treatment of paraphilias. a. b. c. d. consistent success short-term success long-term success failure 5.Approximately how many adult men are sexually aroused by "atypical" sexual fantasies involving any one of the following: coercion, humiliation, children, voyeurism, exhibitionism, et al.? a. b. c. d. fewer than 5% between 10% and 20% about 50% most 6. The NORC survey results, overall, suggest that a. type and frequency of sexual activities of the general population have been greatly exaggerated. b. sexual activities are becoming much more frequent and varied because of the sexual revolution. c. frequency of different types of sexual activity has not changed. d. frequency of sexual activity has increased, variety of type of activity has not. 7. In a cross-cultural study of rape, Peggy Sanday found that: a. b. c. d. about 50% of societies were rape-free. almost all societies were rape-free. about 25% of societies were rape-free. no societies were rape-free. 8. Malamuth’s “Confluence Model” identifies “high risk” people, for whom considerable exposure to pornography is more strongly associated with sexually aggressive attitudes and behaviors. These men show: a. sexism and “erotophilia” b. paraphilias c. “hostile masculinity” and sexual promiscuity d. narcissism and “reactance” 9. Studies that examine the sex lives of self-defined “happy” couples show that ________ report sexual difficulties. a. fewer than one quarter b. about one quarter c. about one half d. over three quarters 10. In Roy Baumeister's research on unrequited love, typically, who suffers longer and greater? a. b. c. d. the the the the rejector rejected person rejected suffers greater, the rejector longer rejected suffers longer, the rejector greater 11. According to John Gottman's research, what is the critical ratio of positive events to negative events in happy long-term marital relationships? a. b. c. d. 5:1 1:1 3:1 5:3 12. Research into the “determinants of female sexual arousal” shows that: a. b. c. d. genital genital genital genital arousal is negatively correlated with subjective sexual arousal arousal predicts subjective sexual arousal arousal, not sexual arousal, predicts sexual behaviour arousal is not closely related to subjective sexual arousal 13. Canadian clinicians and researchers (like Kurt Freund) have suggested that there are two kinds of paraphilia. They are: a. b. c. d. Pedophilic and non-pedophilic Erotic activity preferences and “Courtship disorders” “Courtship disorders” and erotic target replacements Hypophilias and hyperphilias 14. Martin Kafka’s research and clinical work suggests the following treatment for primary non-paraphiliac hypersexuality: a. b. c. d. behavior and cognitive-behavior therapy anti-androgens and psychotherapy anti-androgens and anti-depressants group and individual psychotherapy 15. The “cascade” of negative behaviour in Gottman’s research is from: a. b. c. d. criticism to contempt to defensiveness to stonewalling contempt to defensiveness criticism to defensiveness to contempt to stonewalling defensiveness to contempt to stonewalling Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A A C B B 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. A A C D A 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. A D C C A Short Answer Questions Choose a total of only three questions as indicated in this list. Each answer is worth ten marks. Please write legibly: we cannot mark it if we cannot read it. 1. Compare the nature of sexual desire and arousal in men and women, from biological, psychological and clinical perspectives. (10 marks) Answer only one of the following two questions: 2. Discuss the research on pornography and why results are seen as inconsistent by some observers. (10 marks) 3. Discuss the nature of paraphilias and the implications for treatment. (10 marks) Answer only one of the following two questions: 4. From your readings, discuss theories about the nature and development of sexual orientation for men and women. (10 marks) 5. Describe the “five” sexual and intersexual alternatives, and whether these distinctions are fundamental to the understanding of gender and transgendered individuals. (10 marks) Answer only one of the following three questions: 6. Discuss the research on sexual assault and its implications. (10 marks) 7. Discuss three of the following topics (10 marks) a. b. c. d. 8. unrequited attraction and obsessive love the psychology of stalking the research on “what predicts divorce” from “The Love Lab” the nature and development of bisexuality or asexuality Discuss three of the following topics (10 marks) a. the psychology of abortion b. the diagnostics and treatment of gender identity disorder in children c. the long-term results of therapy for children with traumatized genitalia d. the nature of hypersexuality and “sexual addiction”