Download File - World History 1

Europe
Balkan Peninsula
Black Sea
Asia Minor
Peloponnesus Peninsula
5A #1
Africa
Mediterranean Sea
Aegean Sea
Kingdom of
Macedonia
Dardanelles Straits
Troy
Sparta
Athens
Greece Map (white = land, grey = water)
5A #1
Trade (barter,
then coins): Had
then
toTrade
trade(barter,
in order
to
coins): Had to trade in
get
resources.
order Trade
to get resources
First
exchanged
they
couldn’t
produce.
First
exchanged
(barter,
one
good forone
good
for another,
then
another,
then
adopted
coinage
from
then
coins)
adopted
their trade coinage
partners,
from
their trade
the Phoenicians.
partners, the
Phoenicians.
Fishing: Limited
agriculture,
but
Fishing: Limited
agriculture,
but
long
coastlines
abundant water
encouraged
encouraged
Greeks to
obtain
food
the
Greeks tofrom
obtain
ocean.
food from the
ocean.
Fishing:
Colonies
Mountainous
Terrain,
Abundant
Coastline,
Peninsulas, &
Islands Cause:
Skilled
Seafarers:
Skilled
Seafarers:
Being surrounded
by
Long
coastlines
Skilled
water
encouraged
encouraged
much sea travel.
Seafarers
Athens sea
had atravel.
strong
much
Navy.
Athens had a
strong navy.
5A #2
Colonies:
Colonies: space
Limited
Limited
space and arable land
and
arable land
caused Greeks to
caused
populateGreeks
nearby
regions.
to populate
nearby regions.
City-States:
political unit –
City-States: political
city
&&
unit
– city
surrounding area.
City-States
surrounding
Small, isolated
communities.
area.
Small,
isolated
communities.
Limited
Agriculture:
Limited Agriculture:
Arable land was not in
abundance. Rocky
terrain.
Limited
Arable
land
Agriculture:
was not in
abundance.
Rocky terrain.
Isolation:
Communities
Isolation:
Communities
had
had difficulty
difficulty interacting
interacting
with
with one another
because
of the
one
another
environment.
because
of the
environment.
Isolation
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
1. How did the mountains, seas, islands, harbors, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean
Basin shape Greek economic, social, and political development and patterns of trade
and colonization?
•
Greek communities were isolated by mountains, peninsulas, and islands so
governments originally developed into small city-states instead of large kingdoms
and empires.
•
Greeks turned to the ocean as a food source because good farmland was limited.
Through this, they became good sailors and traded with neighbors in order to obtain
resources they didn’t have in Greece.
•
Over time, population increases and a need for more farmland caused some Greeks
to colonize neighboring regions.
5A
Greek Mythology: Gods & Goddess
God/Goddess
Zeus
King of the gods, God of
Lightning
Hera
Queen of the gods,
Goddess of Marriage
Apollo
God of Poetry and
the Sun
Artemis
Goddess of the Hunt and
the Moon
Athena
Goddess of Warfare and
Wisdom
Aphrodite
5B
Role (ex. God of Fire)
Goddess of Love and
Beauty
Picture
2. Greek Mythologies Influence on Western Culture
• Ex. Nike is the Greek goddess of strength, speed, and victory.
• Her name is used by the modern sport apparel/equipment company.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
1. How did mythology help the early Greek civilization explain the natural world
and the human condition?
• Greeks attributed natural occurrences and disasters to the gods.
• Greeks gods acted and resembled humans, but had supernatural powers.
2. What impact did Greek mythology have on later civilizations and
the contemporary world?
• Greek mythology is in modern phrases, artwork, popular media, literature, etc.
5B
ANCIENT GREEK GOVERNMENT STYLES
Government Who
Rules?
Rule based on…
Characteristics of Greek CityRulers
State
Example
Monarchy
King
Heredity
Some rulers claim
divine right.
Athens
(1600-1100
B.C.E.)
Aristocracy
Nobility
Hereditary and based
on land ownership
Social
status/wealth
support rulers’
authority
Athens
Tyranny
Direct
Democracy
Powerful
Individual
All citizens
Appeals to poor and
seizes power
Citizenship
Seize power during
clashes between
aristocrats and
commoners
Majority rule
decides vote
(594 B.C.E.)
Athens
(621 B.C.E. –
Draco; 594
B.C.E. Solon)
Athens
(461. B.C.E.)
Oligarchy
Small group
of citizens
Wealth
Group controls the
military
Sparta
(800-600
Ancient Greece Venn Diagram – Sparta vs. Athens
Unique Characteristics
Government:
Oligarchy
Women:
Active lives, should bear
strong men
Military:
All men must serve most of their life
Began military training at
age 7
Art and Literature:
Limited handicrafts
Sparta
Unique Characteristics
Government:
Slavery:
Accepted by
both cultures
Religion:
Greek mythology
Citizenship:
Childhood/Education:
5C #2
Shared Characteristics
Only males
born to citizens
Direct Democracy
Women:
Confined to home
Military:
Strong navy
Childhood/Education:
Male citizens were educated
in schools
Art and Literature:
Many famous scientists,
philosophers, artists,
discoveries, etc.
Athens
3. Greek Tyrants Draco and Solon made reforms that laid the groundwork for Athenian
Democracy.
a. Draco: Wrote the first legal code of Athens
b. Solon: Allowed more citizens to participate in the Athenian assembly
4. Using the glossary of your textbook and the internet, write at least a 1 sentence
definition for each of the following democratic terms:
a. Civic duty: All citizens are responsible for participating in the government.
b. Public debate: All proposed policies/laws should be discussed before being enacted.
c. City-state/polis: A Greek city & its surrounding lands functioning as an independent
unit.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
1.How did democracy develop in Athens?
• Originally, only large land owners had a voice in the government, but over time, some
tyrants and politicians expanded government participation to all male citizens.
2. How did Sparta differ from Athens?
• Spartans focused on military training and only a few citizens were able to make legal
decisions.
• All male citizens of Athens had a voice in the government and enjoyed some
freedoms.
5C
1.
The Persian Empire is established.
2.
The Persian Empire & Greek citystates argue over territory.
3.
Persian Wars united Athens &
Sparta against the Persians.
4.
Athens defeats the Persians at
the Battles of Marathon &
Salamis.
5.
Importance of
the Persian Wars
Greeks win control
of the Aegean.
6.
Athens
becomes the
most powerful
city-states & the
Golden Age of
Greece begins.
1.
Athens & the Delian League dominate Greek
politics & economics.
2.
Sparta does not want to be controlled by
powerful Athens & the Delian League.
3.
The Delian & Peloponnesian
Leagues battle for control of Greece.
4.
Sparta & the Peloponnesian
League (allied city-states) win.
5.
Importance of the
Peloponnesian Wars
Greek cultural
achievements begin to
decline & political power is
weakened.
6.
King Phillip II
of Macedonia
conquers all
of Greece.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
1. Why were wars with Persia important to the development of
Greek culture?
•
•
The Persian Wars united the Greek city-states.
Greek victory led to the Golden Age of Greece.
2. Why was the Peloponnesian War important to the spread of
Greek culture?
• The Peloponnesian War weakened many powerful city-states
which allowed King Philip II of Macedonia and his son Alexander
to conquer and unite Greece, and later conquer nearby regions.
5D #1
The Golden Age of: Greece, Athens, & Pericles
Pericles
Democracy
Reconstruction
Parthenon
5E #1
• Pericles extended voting to
all male citizens of Athens,
thus expanding democracy.
• Pericles commissioned
the reconstruction of the
Athens after its
destruction during the
Persian Wars.
• Pericles commissioned to
reconstruction of the
Parthenon after its
destruction during the
Persian Wars (present day
structure).
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
1. Why was the leadership of Pericles important to the
development of Athenian life and Greek culture?
• Under the leadership of Pericles, Athens became the most
powerful city-state in Greece.
• He pioneered democracy which later influenced Rome and the
U.S.
• A stable government, economy, and thriving city allowed the
brightest minds of the time to learn, teach, invent, create, and
discover.
5E #1
5F #1 Famous Greeks Who Contributed to Western Civilization
Name
Category
Description: why are they so famous?
Aeschylus
Drama
An Athenian playwright. He was the first great tragedian.
Sophocles
Drama
An Athenian playwright. He wrote tragedies with strong female roles.
Homer
Poetry
Homer composed two of the most important works of Greek literature, the Odyssey and the Iliad.
Herodotus
History
The “Father of History,” he wrote about the Greek victory in the Persian Wars in his book, The Histories.
Thucydides
History
An Athenian general who wrote about the history of the Peloponnesian War.
Phidias
Sculpture
A great sculptor who carved giant statues of Zeus and Athena.
Archimedes
Science
In addition to many mathematical and scientific discoveries, he invented the compound pulley to lift heavy
objects.
Hippocrates
Science
The “Father of Modern Medicine.” Made doctors take an oath to always help people.
Euclid
Mathematics First to investigate geometry.
Pythagoras
Mathematics Discovered the Pythagorean Theorem used to calculate the area of a triangle.
Socrates
Philosophy
Questioned everything and taught many other philosophers.
Taught Plato.
Plato
Philosophy
His writings about an ideal government continue to influence politics. Founded The Academy, the first university. Taught
Aristotle.
Aristotle
Philosophy
He believed that one should use observation and experience to learn the truth. Taught Alexander the Great.
Greek Columns
• Classical types of Greek columns.
• Greeks used the columns extensively in their architecture and decoration.
• The Romans, Europeans, and Americans adopted their style.
(Western Civilization)
5F #2
5F #3
The Parthenon
Looks like…
United States Supreme Court
• Located in Athens, Greece atop the
Acropolis.
• Current building was commissioned by
Pericles after the destruction of the
Persian Wars.
• Temple to honor the city-state’s patron
goddess, Athena.
Asia
Indian Civilization
Europe
Kingdom of
Macedonia
Greek Civilization
Africa
Egyptian Civilization
The Empire of Alexander the Great included all
of the above civilizations, kingdoms, and
empires.
5G #1
Persian Empire
2. What is “Hellenism”?
• Predominately Greek culture mixed with some aspects of
Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION: (Use the answer in #2 above to
answer the question below)
1. How did the empire of Alexander the Great establish a basis for
the spread of Hellenistic culture?
• As Alexander conquered much of the ancient world, he created
new Greek cities in foreign lands.
• Merchants followed his army and established trade posts along
the way.
• Various cultures in the ancient world began to mix.
5G
Standard 5 Analysis
Pericles' Funeral Oration (excerpts) Written by Thucydides in his book, History of the Peloponnesian War
Speech was made during the Peloponnesian War by the prominent Athenian politician Pericles
Questions: Answer each question in a complete sentence.
1.
The purpose of Pericles' speech was to honor those who had died in the early campaigns of the
Peloponnesian War. Why do you think Pericles first speaks of how Athens became a great empire?
•
Remind Athenians of what they are fighting for in order to inspire them and make them remember that their
sons/husbands/etc. died for a purpose.
2. Why do you think Pericles refers to the Spartans without once mentioning them by name?
• Athenians knew who the enemy was, so there was no need to name them, the description was enough.
3. What seem to be Pericles' motives by comparing Athens to Sparta?
• Again, Pericles is trying to inspire. He wants Athenians to remember how unique and progressive they are
compared to Spartans. He portrays Athenians as civilized people and Spartans as barbarians. The speech was
made in the middle of the war, so he somehow needs to motivate people to continue to fight.