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Honors A & P - Major Bones and Major Bone Features of the Human Skeleton Using your textbook, the following tutorial (http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/skeleton.htm), as well as the skeleton / skulls provided identify the location of each of the bones of the axial skeleton as well as the prominent features of those bones that are listed with each bone. Write down a descriptive phrase or statement that will allow you to identify or recognize the bone or feature of bone listed. Axial Skeleton: The 80 bones that form the upright axis of the body; the skull (including the ossicles), hyoid bone, vertebral column, sternum and ribs. Cranium: 8 bones that form the floor and case of the skull that protects the brain, some bones also contain paranasal sinuses that are air filled cavities connected by passageways to the nasal cavity. They reduce the weight of the skull and act as resonance chambers it increase the intensity of one’s voice. Frontal bone Supraorbital Margin (Supraorbital Foramen) Parietal bones (R/L) Sutures Coronal Sagittal Lambdoid Squamosal Occipital bone Foramen Magnum External Occipital Protuberance Occipital Condyles Temporal bones (R/L) Zygomatic Process (Arch) Mandibular Fossa Mastoid Process Styloid Process External Auditory Meatus Ossicles – Malleus, Incus, Stapes Sphenoid bone Sella Turcica Ethmoid Bone Crista Galli Cribiform Plate Fontanels Facial: consists of 13 immovable bones and 1 movable lower jawbone to form the basic shape of the face Maxillary bones (R/L) Alveolar arch Palatine bones (R/L) Zygomatic bones (R/L) Zygomatic Arch Lacrimal Bones (R/L) Nasal bones (R/L) Vomer bone Inferior nasal conchae (R/L) Mandible bone Mandibular Notch Mandibular Condyle Coronoid Process Alveolar arch Hyoid Bone: Honors A & P - Major Bones and Major Bone Features of the Human Skeleton Using your textbook, the following tutorial (http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/skeleton.htm), as well as the skeleton / skulls provided identify the location of each of the bones of the axial skeleton as well as the prominent features of those bones that are listed with each bone. Write down a descriptive phrase or statement that will allow you to identify or recognize the bone or feature of bone listed. Axial Skeleton: The 80 bones that form the upright axis of the body; the skull (including the ossicles), hyoid bone, vertebral column, sternum and ribs. Vertebral Column: 26 bones that form the flexible, segmented, s-shaped axis that enclose and protect the spinal cord. ** General Structure of Vertebrae Body Vertebral Arch Laminae Pedicles Spinous Process Transverse Process Vertebral Foramen Intervertebral Foramina Superior and Inferior Articular Processes Cervical vertebrae (7) Atlas Axis (Dens) Transverse Foramina Thoracic vertebrae (12) Lumbar vertebrae (5) Sacrum (1) Sacral Foramina Coccyx (1) Spinal Curvatures (Cervical / Thoracic / Lumbar / Sacral) Intervertebral Disks Sternum and Ribs: 25 bones that, with the thoracic vertebrae, form the thorax to protect the internal organs Sternum Manubrium Jugular Notch Clavicular Notch Body Xiphoid Process Ribs (12 pair) True Ribs (Vertebrosternal) (7) False Ribs (Vertebrochondral) (5) Floating Ribs (Vertebral) Costal Cartilage Honors A & P - Major Bones and Major Bone Features of the Human Skeleton Using your textbook, the following tutorial (http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/skeleton.htm), as well as the skeleton / skulls provided identify the location of each of the bones of the axial skeleton as well as the prominent features of those bones that are listed with each bone. Write down a descriptive phrase or statement that will allow you to identify or recognize the bone or feature of bone listed. Appendicular Skeleton: The 126 bones of the upper and lower extremities, including the pectoral and pelvic girdles. The bones of the appendicular skeleton are attached to the axial skeleton. Pectoral Girdle: the 4 bones that create the incomplete ring-like structure that forms the shoulders Clavicle (R/L) Acromial Extremity Sternal Extremity Scapula (R/L) Acromion Process Coracoid Process Glenoid Fossa Spine of the scapula Upper Limb: the 60 bones that create the arms and hands of the human body Humerus (R/L) Head of the Humerus Anatomical and Surgical Neck Medial Epicondyle Lateral Epicondyle Olecranon Fossa Capitulum and Trochlea Radius (R/L) Head of the Radius Radial Tuberosity Ulna (R/L) Olecranon Process Trochlear Notch Carpals (R/L)(8) – two rows of 4 Proximal: Medial to Lateral – Pisiform, Triquetrum, Lunate, Schaphoid Distal: Medial to Lateral – Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium Metacarpals (R/L)(5) 1 through 5 Phalanges (R/L)(14) Proximal, Medial, and Distal Phalanx Honors A & P - Major Bones and Major Bone Features of the Human Skeleton Using your textbook, the following tutorial (http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/skeleton.htm), as well as the skeleton / skulls provided identify the location of each of the bones of the axial skeleton as well as the prominent features of those bones that are listed with each bone. Write down a descriptive phrase or statement that will allow you to identify or recognize the bone or feature of bone listed. Appendicular Skeleton: The 126 bones of the upper and lower extremities, including the pectoral and pelvic girdles. The bones of the appendicular skeleton are attached to the axial skeleton. Pelvic Girdle: consists of 2 hip bones (coxal bones or pelvic bones) that articulate with each other anteriorly and articulate with the sacrum posteriorly Coxal bones (R/L) Ilium Iliac Crest Sacroiliac Joint Ischium Ischial Tuberosity Pubis Symphosis Pubis Acetabulum Lower Limb: the 60 bones that create the legs and feet of the human body Femur (R/L) Head and Neck of the Femur Fovea Capitis Greater Trochanter Lesser Trochanter Patellar Surface Medial and Lateral Condyles Patella (R/L) Tibia (R/L) Medial and Lateral Condyles Tibial Tuberosity Anterior Crest Medial Malleolus Fibula (R/L) Head of the Fibula Lateral Malleolus Tarsals (R/L)(7) Calcaneous Talus Proximal: Medial to Lateral – Navicular, Cuboid Distal: Medial to Lateral – Medial Cuniform, Intermediate Cuneform, Lateral Cuneform Metatarsals (R/L)(5) 1 through 5 Phalanges (R/L)(14) Proximal, Medial, and Distal Phalanx