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Chapter 8
Practice Quizzing
1．Which of the following is NOT one of the tenets of Darwin's theory of natural selection?
A) Some individuals have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing than other
individuals in the same population.
B) There are chance variations between individuals in a species. Some variations are
heritable.
C) More offspring are produced in each generation than can be supported by the
environment.
D)
Equilibrium models help identify evolutionary forces that can change gene
frequencies in populations.
2
．
Alleles
which
prevent
the
expression
of
other
alleles
are
called
, while the alleles which they suppress are called
.
3．Plant populations of Potentilla glandulosa, which are locally adapted and genetically
distinctive populations within a species, are called ecotypes.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
4．Recent genetic analysis of three populations of Potentilla, using randomly amplified
polymorphic DNA, disproves the conjecture that the three populations are three separate
species.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
5．Glacially formed valleys, headwater streams, and lakes in the Alps have created
A) geographically isolated populations of plants and animals.
B) reduced gene flow between populations.
C) extinction of cold water species.
D) all of the above.
E) Only a and b are correct.
6．Genetic and morphological analyses performed by Douglas and Brunner suggest that the
Coregonus of the central Alps is made up of a highly diverse set populations that show a high
level
of
genetic
differentiation
.
and
should
be
considered
a
(n)
7．Which of the following is NOT necessary to maintain constant allele frequencies in a
population?
A) small population size
B) no mutations
C) random mating
D) no immigration
E) none of the above
8．The
states that in a population mating at random in
the absence of evolutionary forces, allele frequencies will remain constant
9．Stabilizing selection is a form of natural selection that can impede changes in population.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
9．Which of the following best describes directional selection?
A) Two or more phenotypes are common and drive diversity
B) It occurs when one extreme phenotype has an advantage over all other phenotypes.
C) Larger individuals in a population have higher rates of survival than average and
small individuals
D) All of the above
E) b and c are correct.
11．In the equation for heritability, VG represents
represents
whereas VP
.
12．If when determining heritability, there is no environmental effect, then V E will equal 100
since the equation is a ratio and the value is represented as a percentage.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
13．What is the regression coefficient if X = 5, Y = 26, and a = 6?
A) 6
B) 4
C) 12
D) -8
14．Regression analysis uses the dependent variable to determine the regression line and the
independent variable to determine heritability.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
15．The genetic differences between soapberry bugs feeding on native and introduced
soapberry
populations
provide
evidence
that
these
insects
have
undergone
.
16．Scientists are concerned that reduced habitat availability will ultimately _______.
A) increase genetic drift
B) increase mutations
C) reduce genetic similarities
D) reduce genetic diversity
17。
are forms of an enzyme which researchers use to
indicate genetic diversity in a population.
18
．
Frankham's
research
demonstrates
that
island
populations
have
genetic variation than mainland populations.
19．Which of the following factors may influence the vulnerability of a small population to
extinction?
A) low genetic variation
B) inb reeding
C) reduced fecundity
D) all of the above
20．Heterozygosity is a prime indicator of genetic variability.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
21．Transplant experiments in which Potentilla glandulosa plants from three different climates
were transplanted to climatically different garden sites indicate that the study populations
were genetically
.
22．______ are enzymes with the same biochemical function which researchers use to study
genetic differences.
A) Loci
B) Isozymes
C) Allozymes
D) Restriction enzymes
23．Restriction fragments are specific sites on an enzyme that tells the nucleotide to replicate
and create restriction enzymes.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
24．During the
method, randomly chosen primers are
used to amplify unspecific DNA sequences.
25．T he genomes of many species including humans are determined by the process of
_______.
A) electrophoresis
B) DNA sequencing
C) RAPD method
D) isoenzyme analysis