Download Chapter 11 Biology Study Guide

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Chapter 11 Biology Study Guide
1. Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study
a.
flowering.
c.
the inheritance of traits.
b.
gamete formation.
d.
cross-pollination.
2. Offspring that result from crosses between parents with different traits
a.
b.
are true-breeding.
make up the F2 generation.
c.
d.
make up the parental generation.
are called hybrids.
3. The chemical factors that determine traits are called
a.
b.
alleles.
traits.
c.
d.
genes.
characters.
4. Gregor Mendel concluded that traits are
a.
b.
c.
d.
not inherited by offspring.
inherited through the passing of factors from parents to offspring.
determined by dominant factors only.
determined by recessive factors only.
5. The principle of dominance states that
a.
b.
all alleles are dominant.
all alleles are recessive.
c.
d.
some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.
6. When you flip a coin, what is the probability that it will come up tails?
a.
1/2
b.
1/4
c.
1/8
d.
1
7. Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
a.
b.
hybrid.
homozygous.
c.
d.
heterozygous.
dominant.
T
t
T
TT
Tt
T
TT
Tt
TT
T
=
Tall
t
=
Short
Figure 11–1
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8. In the Punnett square shown in Figure 11–1, which of the following is true about the offspring
resulting from the cross?
a.
About half are expected to be short.
c.
About half are expected to be tall.
b.
All are expected to be short.
d.
All are expected to be tall.
9. What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without
influencing each other’s inheritance?
a.
principle of dominance
b.
principle of independent assortment
c.
d.
principle of probabilities
principle of segregation
10. In the Punnett square in Figure 11–2, how many peas are expected to be round and green?
a.
3.
b.
6.
c.
9.
d.
12.
d.
3.
11. Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to
a.
b.
plants only.
animals only.
c.
d.
pea plants only.
all organisms.
12. If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
a.
12.
b.
6.
c.
24.
c.
crossing-over.
13. Gametes are produced by the process of
a.
mitosis.
b.
meiosis.
d.
replication.
14. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
a.
b.
two genetically identical cells.
four genetically different cells.
c.
d.
four genetically identical cells.
two genetically different cells.
15. The farther apart two genes are located on a chromosome, the
a.
b.
c.
d.
less likely they are to be inherited together.
more likely they are to be linked.
less likely they are to assort independently.
less likely they are to be separated by a crossover during meiosis.
16. How many recessive alleles for a trait must an organism inherit in order to exhibit that trait?
Give the definitions of each of these words and give examples of each:
17. Genotype:
18. Phenotype:
19. Heterozygous:
20. Homozygous:
21. Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Explain what types of genes you have if each of these
were your genotype (think about the difference between all three when answering):
BB =
Bb =
bb =