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Name:________________________Chapter 17 Test APES2007 Date:__________
PACE YOURSELF GANG. ANSWER THE QUESTION AND MOVE ON!
Weather events should not be confused with climate.
It has been said that the difference between weather and climate is that climate is what we
expect and weather is what we get. Meteorologists consider climate to be the long term
manifestation of either the condition or the course of the weather, and climate is defined
by the statistical collection of weather conditions for a given region during a specified
interval of time, usually several decades (see the Glossary of Meteorology, American
Meteorological Society, 1986, or National Climate Data Center U.S. Climate Normals for
more details). Given this definition of climate and its distinction from weather, a single
weather event, or even a spell of unusual weather, may be unprecedented and still well
within the bounds of "normal" climate variability. Weather and climate records in the
U.S. have only been collected for a little over 100 years, which is too short a period to
determine whether or not the events of this winter were so far outside the range of normal
variability as to be caused by human intervention in the earth's climate. Such an event or
group of events, by itself, is not an indication of a climatic trend, even if many years from
now hindsight indicates that it was part of such a trend.
a. Do you agree or disagree with the author’s definitions of climate and weather?
Explain.
b. Summarize the argument made in the article about the validity of the global
climate change.
c. Do you agree or disagree with this author’s position on this matter? Explain.
2. Fill in the chart below with the layers of the atmosphere.
Place these letters in the corresponding boxes below.
A. where the ozone layer exists
B. Where the greenhouse gases are located
C. Where most of the air is located
D. Where most life lives
Then write at least one characteristic of each layer of the atmosphere.
Layer of the atmosphere
Letter from above
Highest Density
Lowest Density
#3
What is this a model of? Is it a valid model?
How would you change it to make it better?
EXPLAIN.
Characteristic of the
atmosphere
#Analyze the graph above and the following data.
If global warming is caused by CO2 in the atmosphere then does CO2 also cause
increased sun activity too? This chart adapted after Nigel Calder (6) illustrates that
variations in sun activity are generally proportional to both variations in atmospheric
CO2 and atmospheric temperature (Figure 3) Put another way, rising Earth temperatures
and increasing CO2 may be "effects" and our own sun the "cause".
Below, please discuss what you see in the data. Then, please make an argument for
or against the validity of this point of view. What phenomenon is this whole article
describing?
#5 What is this a model of? Is it a valid model? Explain above.
#6 What is this a model of? Explain how you know below.
7. Much of the ultraviolet light from the sun is absorbed by _______ as it passes
through the atmosphere.
A.
carbon dioxide
B.
water vapor
C.
nitrogen gas
D.
ozone
E.
green house gases
8.
The greenhouse effect in the atmosphere occurs because
A.
clouds reflect sunlight back into space.
B.
oceans absorb heat and then release it slowly at night.
C.
stratospheric ozone absorbs UV radiation.
D.
CO2, water vapor, methanol, and other gases absorb infrared radiation.
E.
All of the above.
#7 Is this a warm front or a cold front? Please differentiate below between a warm and a
cold front. How do you know which is being represented on a weather map?
The earth's earliest atmosphere was probably composed mainly of __________,
1. which has/have since largely dissipated into space.
A.
hydrogen and helium
B.
carbon dioxide and methane
C.
oxygen
D.
water
E.
nitrogen and sulfur
2.
Elements such as ______________ were added to the Earth's early atmosphere
through _______________.
A.
hydrogen and helium; the mechanical weathering of rocks
B.
carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur; photosynthesis
C.
hydrogen and helium; contact with space
D.
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; volcanic emissions
E.
nitrogen and sulfur; the chemical weathering of rocks
#8 What are two types of cyclonic storms? What do they have in common in terms of
formation? What makes them different? DO we need to worry about more of these due
to climate change?
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The two main gases making up the lower atmosphere are
helium and hydrogen.
carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.
oxygen and methane.
nitrogen and oxygen.
oxygen and carbon dioxide
The "ozone hole" that causes concern among scientists and the public is an ozone
depletion in the
troposphere.
stratosphere.
thermosphere.
mesosphere.
tropopause.
What is this a diagram of? Please explain this phenomenon.
What are the three changes that are included in this idea?
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
6.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Heat in the atmosphere comes from
radioactive decay of gas particles.
radioactive decay of elements in the Earth.
gravitational pressure on air molecules.
solar radiation.
friction of the gas particles moving against each other.
Eventually all the energy that reaches the Earth's surfaces is
absorbed into the Earth.
turned into biomass.
used in heating.
reflected or radiated back to space.
dissipated within the Earth's atmosphere.
9.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
10.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
11.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
12.
When an area of the Earth's surface becomes very hot, the air above it
condenses and cools.
warms, expands, and rises.
warms, condenses, and releases rain.
expands and sinks.
condenses and sinks
When cool, dry air sinks from the upper atmosphere toward the Earth's surface, it
is
compressed and cooled further.
allowed to expand and become warmer.
compressed and becomes warmer.
forced to release any remaining moisture.
going to hold more water because there is more water vapor closer to the
Earth's surface.
Intense sunlight causes a band of hot, rising air laden with evaporated water near
the equator. This moisture then falls because
its potential energy increases with height.
warm air cannot hold much moisture.
the rising air cools and loses its ability to hold water vapor.
moisture is condensed as convection currents carry air over hotter, drier
regions.
the moisture evaporates as convection currents carry air over hotter, drier
regions.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A westward flowing wind is called a(n) ____________ due to the direction
______________.
east wind, it is blowing
east wind, from which it originates
west wind, it is blowing
west wind, from which it originates
west wind, it blows things
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The boundary between two air masses of different temperature and density is
known as a
front.
cold front.
warm front.
Hadley cell.
jet stream
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Why don't storms over land have as much energy as storms over oceans?
Convection currents are intensified by the latent energy of condensation.
Convection currents are intensified by the latent energy of warm dry air.
High pressure cells are more common over oceans.
There aren't as many low-pressure systems over land.
None of these, storms over land have as much energy as those over oceans.
13.
14.
What does the acronym ENSO stand for? Describe the repercussions in weather
systems for Australia, Indonesia, North America, and South America from ENSO.
What’s the difference between the greenhouse effect, global warming, ground level
ozone and the ozone layer hole? Demonstrate you can differentiate between these issues.