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Ch. 11 Test Review DEOXYRIBOSE NUCLEIC ACIDGIVE INSTRUCTIONS FOR MANUFACTURING PROTEINS 1. What is DNA and what is its function? REPEATING SUBUNIT THAT CONTAINS SUGAR, PHOSPHATE, & NITROGENEOUS BASE 2. What is a nucleotide and explain its structure? CARBON RING STRUCTURE THAT CONTAINS 1 OR MORE ATOMS OF NITROGEN 3. What is a nitrogenous base? 4. List the four Nitrogenous bases. ADENINE-THYMINE OR CYTOSINE- GUANINE 5. How are the bases paired in a DNA molecule? A-T G-C LONG MOLECULE OF NUCLEOTIDES AND IT HAS A DOUBLE HELIX STRUCTURE 6. Describe the structure of DNA? 7. What two people discovered this structure? WATSON & CRICK EACH BASE STRAND SERVES AS A PATTERN OR TEMPLATE FOR A COMPLIMENTARY STRAND. REPLICATION BEGINS AS AN ENZYME, BREAKS THE HYDROGEN BOND AND UNZIPPING THE DNA 8. How is DNA replicated? 9. Draw and label the structure of a DNA strand. Be sure to use the following: nucleotide, deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogenous base, hydrogen bond, base pair. SEE DIAGRAM ON YOUR WORKSHEET 10. The sequence of NUCLEOTIDES carries the genetic information of an organism. 11. What is the role of RNA? PROTEIN PRODUCTION 12. List and explain the functions of the 3 types of RNA. A. mRNA- brings instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm B. rRNA- binds to mRNA and uses the instructions to assemble amino acids in correct order C. tRNA- the supplier. Transfers rna delivers amino acids to ribosomes to be assembled. 13. What is transcription? Similar to replication but forms a single strand RNA molecule Nucleotide sequence transcribed from DNA acts as a genetic message 14. What is the genetic code? 15. Define Mutation any change in dna sequence 16. What 4 things cause mutations? Replication, transcription, cell division, and external agents 17. List and explain the 3 types of mutations a. point mutation-change in a single base pair of DNA (ex: incorrect a.a. inserted) b. Frameshift mutation- single base is added or deleted c. chromosomal- parts join backwards or join to wrong chromosome Any agent that can cause a change in DNA. Examples-radiation, uv rays, xrays, chemical 18. What is a mutagen? Give some examples.