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Ch. 11 Test Review
DEOXYRIBOSE NUCLEIC ACIDGIVE INSTRUCTIONS FOR MANUFACTURING
PROTEINS
1. What is DNA and what is its function?
REPEATING SUBUNIT THAT
CONTAINS SUGAR, PHOSPHATE, & NITROGENEOUS
BASE
2. What is a nucleotide and explain its structure?
CARBON RING STRUCTURE THAT
CONTAINS 1 OR MORE ATOMS OF NITROGEN
3. What is a nitrogenous base?
4. List the four Nitrogenous bases.
ADENINE-THYMINE OR CYTOSINE-
GUANINE
5. How are the bases paired in a DNA molecule?
A-T G-C
LONG MOLECULE OF NUCLEOTIDES
AND IT HAS A DOUBLE HELIX STRUCTURE
6. Describe the structure of DNA?
7. What two people discovered this structure?
WATSON & CRICK
EACH BASE STRAND SERVES AS A
PATTERN OR TEMPLATE FOR A COMPLIMENTARY
STRAND. REPLICATION BEGINS AS AN ENZYME,
BREAKS THE HYDROGEN BOND AND UNZIPPING THE
DNA
8. How is DNA replicated?
9. Draw and label the structure of a DNA strand. Be sure to use the following: nucleotide, deoxyribose,
phosphate group, nitrogenous base, hydrogen bond, base pair.
SEE DIAGRAM ON YOUR WORKSHEET
10. The sequence of
NUCLEOTIDES carries the genetic information of an organism.
11. What is the role of RNA?
PROTEIN PRODUCTION
12. List and explain the functions of the 3 types of RNA.
A. mRNA- brings instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm
B. rRNA- binds to mRNA and uses the instructions to assemble amino acids in
correct order
C. tRNA- the supplier. Transfers rna delivers amino acids to ribosomes to be
assembled.
13. What is transcription?
Similar to replication but forms a single strand
RNA molecule
Nucleotide sequence transcribed from DNA
acts as a genetic message
14. What is the genetic code?
15. Define Mutation
any change in dna sequence
16. What 4 things cause mutations?
Replication, transcription, cell division,
and external agents
17. List and explain the 3 types of mutations
a. point mutation-change in a single base pair of DNA (ex:
incorrect a.a. inserted)
b. Frameshift mutation- single base is added or deleted
c. chromosomal- parts join backwards or join to wrong
chromosome
Any agent that can cause a change in
DNA. Examples-radiation, uv rays, xrays, chemical
18. What is a mutagen? Give some examples.