Download Chapter 8 Questions

Nelson Biology VCE Units 3 & 4
Chapter 8: DNA Structure
1. Inheritance of ________ from parents helps determine the
characteristics that make an individual unique, but similar to their
parents.
2. Much progress in genetics has occurred as a result of improved
knowledge of the chemical nature of the gene. (T/F)
3. Which of the following statements does not apply to the gene?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It
It
It
It
is involved in producing a polypeptide chain.
is a segment of DNA.
has a specific sequence of nucleotide bases.
is attached to a ribosome.
4. Gregor Mendel made a significant contribution to our knowledge of
genetics in that he concluded from his breeding experiements that
definite __________ are transmitted from parents to offspring.
5. The experiments of Frederick Griffith and Oswald Avery on bacteria
showed that hereditary material consisted of nucleic acids, possibly
DNA. (T/F)
6. In 1953 the Cambridge scientists James Watson and Francis Crick
discovered the structure of the hereditary material DNA without any
knowledge of the work of other scientists. (T/F)
7. X-ray diffraction photography helped scientists to work out the
structure of the DNA molecule. This technique is very useful for
imaging very _______ objects.
8. Watson and Crick suggested that DNA consisted of two chains twisted
around each other to form a _________ _______ ladder, cross-linked by
nitrogenous bases.
9. The four types of bases in DNA are __________ (A), __________ (C),
__________ (G) and __________ (T).
10. The nucleotides that make up the DNA molecule have all of the following
characteristics except:
a.
b.
c.
they are organic compounds
they are proteins
they contain either a ribose or deoxyribose sugar
d.
they contain a phosphate group
11. RNA is similar to DNA in that it consists of nucleotides joined
together, however RNA does not contain the nucleotide __________, which
is replaced by __________.
12. A nucleotide of DNA is composed of a ____________ sugar group, a
__________ group and a ____________ ______.
13. The nitrogenous bases in each rung of the DNA 'ladder' are held
together by very strong hydrogen bonds. (T/F)
14. In the DNA molecule, adenine can only bond with __________ and cytosine
can only bond with __________. The net result is two long, intertwined
chains of _____________.
15. One strand of nucleotides in a DNA molecule runs in the 5-carbon to the
3-carbon direction, while the complementary strand runs in the opposite
direction. (T/F)
16. Pairing of bases in DNA is so significant because it allows for the
____________ of genetic information.
17. The sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA is slightly different for
members of the same species but very different between members of
different species. (T/F)
18. Match the phases of meiosis.
a.
b.
c.
d.
first phase
second phase
third phase
last phase
1.
2.
3.
4.
telophase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
a.
b.
c.
d.
19. Just before a cell divides, the two strands of the DNA double helix
unwind and separate, exposing some nucleotide bases. (T/F)
20. During DNA replication, enzymes called DNA _____________ and DNA
___________ help build new complementary strands. DNA __________ help
to unzip the DNA molecule to allow transcription to occur.
21. The process of DNA replication ensures that the template strand of DNA
is conserved (remains substantially the same) between generations.
(T/F)
22. If all the DNA in a normal human body cell was unwound and put end to
end it would stretch to the moon and back about one million times.
(T/F)
23. The instructions carried in DNA molecules are translated into action
through the process of ___________ ___________.
24. All proteins are made up of about 500 amino acids of 20 different
types, linked together in exactly the same sequence. (T/F)
25. In the mRNA molecule, combinations of ________ bases, called ________,
specify each type of amino acid.
26. Explain how the information contained in the DNA in the nucleus of the
cell is transmitted out to the ribosomes (where the proteins are
assembled) in the cytoplasm.
27. During normal protein synthesis, information flows from the DNA to the
ribosomes and from the ribosomes back to the DNA. (T/F)
28. The process of transcription is very similar to the process of DNA
_____________.
29. The coding section of DNA, which is transcribed onto a mRNA molecule,
is called a gene. (T/F)
30. Both exons and introns are transcribed into pre-mRNA but ________ must
be removed before the mRNA leaves the nucleus.
31. The strand of the DNA molecule which is read during DNA replication and
mRNA production is called the __________ strand.
32. When mRNA reaches a ribosome in the cytoplasm, it enables amino acids
to be assembled in the correct order for a protein. (T/F)
33. Each of the following statements is true of ribosomes except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
they
they
they
they
are only found in eukaryotic cells
consist of proteins combined with ribosomal RNA
are found in the cytoplasm of cells
are involved in the translation of proteins
34. The organelle responsible for the manufacture of ribosomes is the
nucleolus, which is found in the nucleus of cells. (T/F)
35. Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries __________ ______ to the ribosomes in the
cytoplasm.
36. An __________ is a triplet of nucleotides at the end of a tRNA molecule
which is complementary to a triplet codon on the mRNA.
37. Match the anticodon messages with the appropriate codon on the
messenger RNA.
a.
b.
c.
d.
UGA
UUU
CCA
GCG
1.
2.
3.
4.
GGU
AAA
CGC
ACU (codes for amino acid
threonine)
a.
b.
c.
d.
38. A protein molecule is assembled at the __________ as many amino acids
are joined together to make polypeptide chains.
39. A large amount of energy is used by the body in the manufacture of
proteins by the ribosomes. (T/F)
40. Some codons do not code for a particular amino acid, instead they stop
the production of a polypeptide at a ribosome at a particular point.
These codons are called ______ codons.
41. Cells do not express all their genes at the same time. Gene expression
seems to be dependent on the type of cell, its stage of ____________,
and the _____________ of the cell.
42. Many experiments (such as those carried out by Jacob and Monod in the
late 1950s) indicate that many structural genes have promotor regions
close to them on the DNA strand which can 'switch' the gene on and off.
(T/F)