Download Study Guide: Evolution

Name: ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Date: __________________________ Period: __________
Study Guide: Evolution
Origins of Life:
1. How old is the Earth thought to be?
2.
Was there oxygen on early Earth?
3.
What was responsible for ocean formation?
4.
What are hydrothermal vents?
11. Who proposed the Theory of
Endosymbiosis?
12.
What does the Theory of Endosymbiosis
say about the origins of mitochondria and
chloroplasts?
18. What does relative dating tell scientists
about fossils?
19. What can radiometric dating tell a scientist
about a fossil?
20. How is radiometric dating done?
5.
Why do scientists think that hydrothermal
vents could have been the location where the
first molecules could have been formed?
13. What does the fossil record include?
14. What is sedimentary rock?
6.
What are meteorites?
15. Why are most fossils found in sedimentary
rock?
7.
The first prokaryotes were anaerobic, so how
did they get their energy?
16. What are some environments that are
conducive to fossil formation? Why?
8.
What was responsible for releasing oxygen
into the atmosphere first?
9.
What allowed for the evolution of aerobic
prokaryotes?
10. What does Endosymbiosis mean?
21. What does the geologic time scale indicate
about the factors that contribute to mass
extinctions?
22. Know the basic geologic timeline found in
your notes.
Evolutionary Theory:
23. What is the definition of Evolution?
17. Why aren’t fossils always formed?
24. What is the definition of a Theory?
25. Who proposed the Theory of Evolution by
Natural Selection?
26. What did Darwin do on his 5 year long trip
around the world on the HMS Beagle?
27. What did Darwin notice about the fossils of
extinct armadillos?
32. Lamarck was the first scientist to defend the
idea that species change over time, but he
was wrong about how things change over
time. How did Lamarck think that organisms
change over time?
33. Which of Malthus’ ideas did Darwin apply to
his theory of evolution?
34. What was Cuvier’s contribution to Darwin’s
Theory of Evolution?
d.
Adaptation:
37. Why did Darwin hesitate to publish his book
On the Origin of Species by Natural
Selection?
Evidence for Evolution
38. What did Darwin’s book say about his theory
of evolution?
39. What is biogeography?
28. What did Darwin notice about the beaks of
the finches that he collected from the
Galapagos islands?
40. What does the study of biogeography
suggest about the way organisms evolve?
35. What did Lyell contribute to Darwin’s
Theory of Evolution?
29. Darwin did NOT report his data immediately
after returning home from his trip. What did
he do with his data instead?
30.
What is artificial selection?
41. What is embryology?
36. Describe the following four aspects of
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution:
a. Overproduction:
42. What can scientists deduce from the
evolutionary patterns of organisms by
looking at embryology?
b.
Variation:
c.
Selection:
31. Describe one example of artificial selection
used today:
43. What are homologous structures?
44. What can scientists tell about how organisms
evolve by looking at homologous structures?
51. What is the difference between batesian and
mullerian mimicry?
b.
Gene flow
c.
Genetic Drift
d.
Non-Random Mating
e.
Mutations
45. What are vestigial structures?
Population Genetics and Speciation:
52. Do individuals evolve?
46. What are some examples of vestigial
structures?
53. Do populations evolve?
54. What makes a population healthy, and why?
47. How does studying biochemistry give
scientists information about the relationships
among species?
55. Where in a population is genetic variation
stored?
Survival Tactics
48. What is camouflage?
56. What is allele frequency?
59. What is directional selection?
57. What are the two ways in which genetic
variation can occur?
49. How is camouflage an advantage for an
organism?
58. Describe the following four mechanisms of
genetic change over time:
a. Natural selection
50. What is mimicry?
60. What is stabilizing selection?
61. What is disruptive selection?
65. What is it called when different species
evolve in similar environments?
66. What is it called when closely related species
evolve in different environments?
62. Know what graphs of directional, stabilizing,
and disruptive selection look like!
63. What is speciation?
64. What are the three ways in which two
populations may be isolated? Be sure to
explain them!
67. What is it called when two or more species
evolve in response to changes in each other?
Give an example
68. What is the difference between homologous
and analogous structures?