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UNIT 1: SUSTAINING EARTH’S ECOSYSTEMS
Resources for studying for the Unit 1 Test:
 The Ch. 3 Study Guide below and Ch. 1 and 2 Study Guides that you already have.
 Chapter Review questions on pp. 52-53, pp. 104-105, and pp. 148-149. Also look at
the Unit Review on pp. 154-161.
 Be able to define the key vocabulary from the chapters. (Make vocab cards)
 Review your Reading Checks and Work Book, making sure all is complete.
 Skim/Re-read pages 2 - 161 of your textbook.
 Re-read your notes and use your Cornell-questions to quiz yourself.
 Go to http://www.bcscience.com/bc10/ , click on Unit 1 Ecosystems, scroll through
the chapter resources and complete the section quizzes. You can also click on
Provincial Exam, scroll down, download and try the sample provincial exam questions
for this unit.
CHAPTER 3: ECOSYSTEMS CONTINUALLY CHANGE OVER TIME
It is expected that you will be able to:
explain various ways in which natural populations are altered or kept in equilibrium
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explain how species adapt or fail to adapt to environmental conditions, with
reference to the following:
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natural selection
proliferation
predator/prey cycle
ecological succession
climax community
extinction
adaptive radiation
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describe the impact of natural phenomena (e.g., drought, fire, temperature
change, flooding, tsunamis, infestations—pine beetle, volcanic eruptions) on
ecosystems
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give examples of how foreign species can affect an ecosystem (e.g., Eurasian
milfoil, purple loosestrife, scotch broom, American bullfrog, European
starling in BC)
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give examples of how traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) can affect
biodiversity (e.g., spring burning by Cree in northern Alberta)
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research and report on situations in which disease, pollution, habitat
destruction, and exploitation of resources affect ecosystems
VOCAB: Be able to define the following terms. Make VOCAB cards if you need to.
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abiotic
adaptive radiation
aeration
biodiversity
biotic
climax community
competition
contamination
deforestation
drought
ecological succession
extinction
flooding
foreign species
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habitat
fragmentation
habitat loss
insect infestations
introduced species
invasive species
land use
mature communities
mature forest
native species
natural selection
overexploitation
pioneer species
predation
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primary succession
resource
exploitation
resource use
secondary
succession
soil compaction
soil degradation
sustainability
traditional ecological
knowledge (TEK)
tsunami
3.1 How Changes Occur Naturally in Ecosystems
1. How is the story of the three-spine stickleback an example of adaptive radiation?
2. Differentiate natural selection from adaptive radiation. Use examples.
3. What is ecological succession? What are the two types of ecological succession?
4. When does primary succession occur?
5. Describe, using examples, the stages of primary succession.
6. What is a pioneer species? Give an example.
7. List a variety of ways that pioneer species change the biotic and abiotic components of an
environment.
8. Does the process of primary succession occur in the same way in different parts of the
world? What does the process of primary succession lead to the development of?
9. Why do scientists prefer to use the term mature community instead of climax community?
10. When does secondary succession occur?
11. Differentiate primary succession from secondary succession in terms of the following:
when each occurs, how fast each one takes and how long each one takes.
12. Describe how each of the following natural events or large disturbances affects
ecosystems and result in secondary succession: forest fires, flooding, drought, tsunamis,
and insect infestations.
3.2 How Humans Influence Ecosystems
1. How has human expansion affected wetlands? Why is should we be concerned about this?
2. What is sustainability? What are sustainable practices? What is a sustainable
ecosystem? What is a sustainable Earth?
3. Complete the following table.
Human Activity
What is it?
How does it
affect
ecosystems?
Any sustainable
approaches?
Land and Resource
Use
Deforestation
Agriculture
Resource
Exploitation
4. What is traditional ecological knowledge (TEK)? Give examples of how it is used in
resource management.
3.3 How Introduced Species Affect Ecosystems
1. Differentiate native species and introduced/foreign species.
2. How did the purple loosestrife most likely get to North America from Europe?
3. What are some other terms used to refer to introduced species?
4. Why is the purple loosestrife plant considered an invasive species?
5. Explain, using examples, how introduced species can affect native species in the following
ways: competition, predation, disease, parasitism, and habitat alteration.
6. Give some examples of invasive species in BC and their impact on ecosystems.
7. What is happening to the Garry oak ecosystem of BC? Name and discuss the impacts of
the introduced invasive species that are involved. Why should we be worried about this?
Describe the GOERT team’s strategy to restore the Garry oak ecosystem.