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Evolution Test Review (Chapters 16, 17, 19)
NOT A COMPREHENSIVE LIST…Study notes, textbook, lab, online resources!
1.
2.
3.
Question
10% of a population are blue-eyed (a recessive trait). Use the
H-W law to determine what percent of the population is
heterozygous for not having blue eyes.
How old is the Earth?
4.
If 90% of a population has a widow’s peak (dominant), what
percentage of the population will show the recessive trait?
What percentage will be homozygous recessive for the trait?
Were the first organisms aerobic or anaerobic?
5.
What scientists influenced Darwin’s theory of evolution?
6.
What are 2 pieces of evidence for evolution?
7.
What are the three modes of selection?
8.
What are two examples of genetic drift?
9.
What contribution did the photosynthetic organisms make to
the Earth’s atmosphere?
10. What five conditions must be met for a population to be in
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
11. What incorrect ideas did Lamarck have about evolution?
12. What is the definition of natural selection?
13. What is the term that describes the formation of a new
species?
14. What organic molecules did Miller and Urey produce in their
equipment?
15. What term describes the characteristics or behaviors that
enable an organism to survive better and reproduce more in its
environment?
16. What theory of speciation says that evolutionary change has
long stable periods interrupted by brief periods of change?
17. What theory of speciation says that evolutionary change is slow
and steady?
18. What factors can lead to reproductive isolation?
19. What was the most famous place Darwin visited?
20. When one species gives rise to several species, which type of
speciation is this?
21. Which mode of selection did the peppered moths in England
exhibit?
22. Which mode of selection selects FOR individuals with the
average form of the trait?
23. When was oxygen first introduced into the atmosphere?
24. When did eukaryotes first appear on Earth?
Answer
25. What is the difference between relative and radiometric
dating?
26. Where are most fossils located?
27. What is the result of an extinction event? What happens next?
28. What type of macroevolution will result in one species giving
rise to many different species in many different areas?
29. What type of macroevolution results in different organisms in
different areas having natural selection work on them in similar
ways?
30. What internal cell structures support the endosymbiont
theory?
31. What was Lyell’s contribution to Darwin’s theory?
HELP! I hate Hardy-Weinberg….
NO YOU DON’T…it just a little harder topic and takes time to master.
If you are having trouble with H-W, follow the example below and then try it yourself.
STEP
Determine the q2 value…remember
you are looking at INDIVIDUALS
here, not alleles.
HARDEST STEP!! Be careful not to
make the common mistake of thinking
you are finding Q when you are really
finding Q2!!!
2. Take the square root to determine
q.
1.
3.
Use the q value to find p.
4.
Check…do p and q equal 1 (or
100%)?
Use these values to find:
 HOMOZYGOUS DOM
individuals
 HETEROZYGOUS individuals
5.

HOMOZYGOUS REC
individuals
EXAMPLE
Within a population of butterflies, the
color brown (B) is dominant over the
color white (b). And, 40% of all
butterflies are white. Given this simple
information, which is something that is
very likely to be on an exam, calculate
the following:
YOU TRY THIS ONE
A rather large population of Biology
instructors have 396 red-sided
individuals and 557 tan-sided
individuals. Assume that red is totally
recessive.
THIS ONE IS A LITTLE
HARDER…FIGURE OUT THE PERCENTAGE
OF RECESSIVE INDVIDUALS
FIRST…HINT: first find the total number
of individuals in the population!!
q2 is the number of INDIVIDUALS who
are homo rec…in this case 40% of the
population is showing the recessive
trait, so they MUST be homo
rec…therefore q2 must be 40% which
equals 0.4
The square root of 0.4 is 0.63, so q
must = 0.63…this means 63% of the
alleles in the gene pool are recessive!
p + q must equal 1, so 1 – 0.63 = p…this
means p = 0.37…this means that 37% of
the alleles are dominant!
0.63 = 0.37 = 1, so we are good to go!
Homo dom are represented by p2 so we
must take 0.37 x 0.37 which equals
0.14…14% of the population is homo dom
Hetero are represented by 2pq, so we
must take (2)(0.37)(0.63), which is
0.47…47% of the population is
heterozygous
Homo doms are represented by q2 so
0.63 X 0.63 which equals 0.4, so 40% of
the population is homo rec…that checks
out with the info given at the start
Try more Hardy-Weinberg problems at www.biologybinder.com Click on “PRINTABLES” and scroll down to the 9th bullet under
Printable Worksheets…there are two practice worksheets with answers provided!!!
Evolution Test Review (Chapters 16, 17, 19)
1.
2.
Question
10% of a population are blue-eyed (a recessive trait). Use the
H-W law to determine what percent of the population is
heterozygous for not having blue eyes.
How old is the Earth?
Answer
q = 0.3, p = 0.7
heteros = 2pq = 2(0.7)(0.3) = 0.42
42% are hetero and do not have blue eyes
4.6 billion years old
10% are homozygous recessive = q2
4.
If 90% of a population has a widow’s peak (dominant), what
percentage of the population will show the recessive trait?
What percentage will be homozygous recessive for the trait?
Were the first organisms aerobic or anaerobic?
5.
What scientists influenced Darwin’s theory of evolution?
Lamarck, Lyell, Malthus, Wallace
6.
What are 2 pieces of evidence for evolution?
Fossil, embryology, body structure, DNA
7.
What are the three modes of selection?
Stabilizing, directional, disruptive
8.
What are two examples of genetic drift?
Bottleneck effect, founder effect
3.
9.
What contribution did the photosynthetic organisms make to
the Earth’s atmosphere?
10. What five conditions must be met for a population to be in
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
11. What incorrect ideas did Lamarck have about evolution?
12. What is the definition of natural selection?
13. What is the term that describes the formation of a new
species?
14. What organic molecules did Miller and Urey produce in their
equipment?
15. What term describes the characteristics or behaviors that
enable an organism to survive better and reproduce more in its
environment?
16. What theory of speciation says that evolutionary change has
long stable periods interrupted by brief periods of change?
17. What theory of speciation says that evolutionary change is slow
and steady?
18. What factors can lead to reproductive isolation?
q = 0.3, p = 0.7; heteros = 2pq
Anaerobic (no O2 on the planet yet!)
Released O2…allowed for aerobic organisms to
arise AND gave us ozone
No mutations, large populations, random
mating, no migration, no natural selection
Use and disuse, inheritance of acquired traits,
desire to change
Nature selects the best individuals for an
environment to survive and reproduce
Speciation
Amino acids and other organic materials
Adaptations
Punctuated equilibrium
Gradualism
behavioral, geographical, temporal isolation
19. What was the most famous place Darwin visited?
Galapagos Islands
20. When one species gives rise to several species, which type of
speciation is this?
21. Which mode of selection did the peppered moths in England
exhibit?
22. Which mode of selection selects FOR individuals with the
average form of the trait?
23. When was oxygen first introduced into the atmosphere?
Adaptive radiation
24. When did eukaryotes first appear on Earth?
1.4-1.2 billion years ago
25. What is the difference between relative and radiometric
Relative dating uses the position of fossils in
Directional (nature selected light moths pre IR,
dark moths post IR)
Stabilizing
2.2 billion years ago
dating?
26. Where are most fossils located?
27. What is the result of an extinction event? What happens next?
28. What type of macroevolution will result in one species giving
rise to many different species in many different areas?
29. What type of macroevolution results in different organisms in
different areas having natural selection work on them in similar
ways?
30. What internal cell structures support the endosymbiont
theory?
31. What was Lyell’s contribution to Darwin’s theory?
the strata of rock layers to determine the age
of fossils relative to the other layers
Radiometric dating dates a fossil with an
absolute date by measuring the proportion of
radioactive isotopes to stable isotopes
In sedimentary rock
A species is completely wiped out
It can lead to an eventual increase in
biodiversity as those species that are left tend
to fill occupied nickes
Adaptive radiation
Convergent evolution
Mitochondria and chloroplasts having their own
DNA and being able to replicate on their own
Hypothesized that the Earth was MUCH older
than people thought
HELP! I hate Hardy-Weinberg….
NO YOU DON’T…it just a little harder topic and takes time to master.
If you are having trouble with H-W, follow the example below and then try it yourself.
STEP
EXAMPLE
YOU TRY THIS ONE
Within a population of butterflies, the
A rather large population of Biology
color brown (B) is dominant over the
instructors have 396 red-sided
color white (b). And, 40% of all
individuals and 557 tan-sided
butterflies are white. Given this simple
individuals. Assume that red is totally
information, which is something that is
recessive.
very likely to be on an exam, calculate
THIS ONE IS A LITTLE
the following:
HARDER…FIGURE OUT THE
PERCENTAGE OF RECESSIVE
INDVIDUALS FIRST…HINT: first
find the total number of individuals in
the population!!
6. Determine the q2 value…remember
q2 is the number of INDIVIDUALS who
you are looking at INDIVIDUALS
are homo rec…in this case 40% of the
here, not alleles.
population is showing the recessive
HARDEST STEP!! Be careful not to
trait, so they MUST be homo
0.42
make the common mistake of thinking
rec…therefore q2 must be 40% which
you are finding Q when you are really equals 0.4
finding Q2!!!
7. Take the square root to determine
The square root of 0.4 is 0.63, so q
q.
must = 0.63…this means 63% of the
0.65
alleles in the gene pool are recessive!
8. Use the q value to find p.
p + q must equal 1, so 1 – 0.63 = p…this
means p = 0.37…this means that 37% of
0.35
the alleles are dominant!
9. Check…do p and q equal 1 (or
0.63 = 0.37 = 1, so we are good to go!
Yes
100%)?
10. Use these values to find:
Homo dom are represented by p2 so we
 HOMOZYGOUS DOM
must take 0.37 x 0.37 which equals
0.12 = 12%
individuals
0.14…14% of the population is homo dom
 HETEROZYGOUS individuals
Hetero are represented by 2pq, so we
must take (2)(0.37)(0.63), which is
0.46 = 46%
0.47…47% of the population is

HOMOZYGOUS REC
individuals
heterozygous
Homo doms are represented by q2 so
0.63 X 0.63 which equals 0.4, so 40% of
the population is homo rec…that checks
out with the info given at the start
0.42 = 42%
Try more Hardy-Weinberg problems at www.biologybinder.com Click on “PRINTABLES” and scroll down to the 9th bullet under
Printable Worksheets…there are two practice worksheets with answers provided!!!