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Name____________ Period____________ 1 Name____________ Period____________ Fill in the blanks as we do the notes off the power point. These will be your notes and will be turned in after your test for a grade. If you miss class, you are responsible for catching up by getting the notes online, or before or after school. Make sure to do the section summaries and write questions on the left side of the notes whenever you see an (*) asterisk!!! Chapter 5: Rome & the Rise of Christianity Section 1 The Rise of Rome * Two ________________________features played a major role in the growth of Rome 1. ___________________ location 2. ___________________ of physical ____________________ The Roman Republic (Gov't) In 509 B.C. the Romans drove out their Etruscan king (Etruscans - early people of Italy) *Set up a republic - _____________________________with ______________ leaders. o ________________________ (ruling /____________________ class) Senate had 300 members o Senate elected _____ Consuls as the executive branch o In event of war a ____________________ was elected and granted power for six months *In 450 BC ______________ (merchants & _______________) demanded more power Eventually they could elect their own officials called Tribunes. o Also known as the Plebeian tribunate o *Had the power of ____________(Latin for "I ____________") over elections & laws *Law of ___________________________ - earliest code of Roman ______________. Rome Conquers the Mediterranean *_______________________ Wars o Two long & bloody ____________ fought between Rome & _________________ ____ over the years 264 BC - 146 BC *General _______________________ led _______________________ o Over the Swiss ______________ with elephants o Fought Rome for 15 years before being called back to Carthage 2 Name____________ Period____________ o Took poison before capture o ________________________________________________________________ By 133 B.C. Roman territory extended from _______________ to ________________ o *Called the Mediterranean… _____________________ – Latin for “Our Sea” Summary – 1 paragraph (4-5 sentences) _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Section 2 From Republic to Empire *Growing inequality and unrest: New class of ________________________ Romans who bought huge estates and used ________________________ to work them This forced _________________ farmers into ________________________ Angry mobs rioted A Roman could tell how important or wealthy a person was from their toga Julius Caesar - 100 - 44 BC Forced the Senate to make him ________________________ *Made many reforms in Rome: o Public works o Gave _________________ to the ___________________ o Gave Roman citizenship more people o Introduced the _____________________ (this is what we use today…think July for Julian) *Ides of _____________________ 15th 44 BC o Caesar was _______________ to death on the steps of the senate. After this, Rome fell into civil war. Again. 3 Name____________ Period____________ The End of the Republic Marcus Antonius - _____________________________________ (83-31 BC) _____________________ – The last Pharaoh (69-30 BC) Gaius _______________________ – Caesar’s grand-nephew (63 BC-14 CE) *Augustus Caesar – “_____________________________” o ___________________________= ____________________________ o ________________________ Contributions: Created a stable gov’t Well trained civil service Gov’t jobs went to those with talent Allowed cities and large provinces a large measure of _____________________ - __________________________ o *Pax Romana _________________________________ o Extended Roman influence and culture along the growing Silk Road trade network Summary – 1 paragraph (4-5 sentences) _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 4 Name____________ Period____________ Section 3 Culture & Society in the Roman World Architecture & Entertainment ______________________ Civilization – A blend of Greek & Roman culture *_____________________ & ________________ - Many of them still used after Rome fell and some even today. The __________________ - Over 160 feet high with the Coliseum could hold upwards of 50,000 spectators. Public events such as gladiator fights, mock naval battles and wild animal hunts were held at the Coliseum. During the staged fights as many as Fighters were slaves, prisoners or volunteers. Spectators saw persecuted Christians killed by lions. After 404 AD gladiatorial battles were no longer held, but animals such as lions, elephants, snakes and panthers continued to be massacred in the name of sport until the 6th century. _____________________- Third of a mile long and 150 yards wide, the Circus Maximus allegedly held 250,000 people. Science *Ptolemy proposed the ________________ was the ________________ of the ________________which lasted for 1400 years *It was Galen who first introduced the notion of experimentation to medicine. o On the Natural Faculties remained the authority on medicine until the sixteenth century Rome’s Greatest Legacy ____________________________________- an idea that continues to shape western civilization today… *Common principles: o _____________________before the law o Presumed _____________________ o Face accuser and defend o Guilt through _____________________ o Fair decisions Summary – 1 paragraph (4-5 sentences) _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 5 Name____________ Period____________ Section 4 The Development of Christianity The Rise of Christianity Romans conquered Palestine in 63 BC _______________ were tolerated and excused from worshiping Roman gods Jews absorbed Greek influence creating _____________ in the religion Jesus…the founder of Christianity Called himself the __________________________ Said his mission was to bring spiritual salvation and eternal life to anyone who would believe in him. Our history comes from the Gospels. *Written by ___________________________________ Was Jesus Dangerous? *Romans considered Jesus a _________________________________. *_______________ priests considered Jesus dangerous to their___________________ They became _________________ of the huge ________________ that followed him & believed in him. So, they decided to get rid of him and have him killed. He was tried and_____________________ Spread of Christianity Jesus told his _________________ to spread his word. *Those who spread his message are known as _________________. Yet Christians were _____________________ and became Martyrs. Paul (St. Paul) was from Asia Minor. Greek ideas from Plato & the Stoics moderated the Christian church which many Romans liked. Christianity becomes the _____________________of the _____________________ *When the empire _______________ (as __________________________________)… The Church preserved, adapted and spread Greco-Roman civilization 6 Name____________ Period____________ Reforming emperors tried to reverse the decline *Diocletian – 284 BC ___________ the *Constantine – 312 BC empire into _____ ______& _______ Fixed prices Granted ________ to Christians Built a new capital in _____________ Summary – 1 paragraph (4-5 sentences) _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Section 5 Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire *Causes for Rome’s downfall _____________________ causes o German invasions o ________________________________ among the empire’s soldiers _____________________ causes o Authoritarian & corrupt government o Division w/in the empire _____________________ causes o Heavy taxation o Diminishing wealth o Reliance on _____________________ o Population decline _____________________ causes o A __________________ in ________________ values o A ____________________ to ________________ among the upper classes o A loss of _________________________ among the masses _____________________ Invasions 7 Name____________ Period____________ o o *_____________ Came from Asia Think of Atila the Hun Migrated into Europe through Germany. *_____________________ Huns pushed the Germans ( known as Visigoths) into Roman territory By _______ the Visigoth General Alaric ________________ Rome *Foreign _____________& ______________ problems brought the “fall” of Rome Summary – 1 paragraph (4-5 sentences) _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 8