Download Rev.Chaps 12

Maori 101 Kura Raumati – Summer School, 2017
Revision Exercises 4 Lectures 12 - 14
Possession
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Possession relies on a relationship between two people or two elements (the
possessor and the thing possessed).
The nature of that relationship will determine the use of the possession particle ‘a’
or ‘o’.
The questions to determine that relationship, must always be asked in a particular
order.
First, is the relationship dependent on.... WĀHI or location?
If the relationship is one of wāhi/location, use ‘o’
Relationship =
location
YES
use ‘o’
NO
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Second, ask the question is this a relationship dependent on MANA or control
Relationship =
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control YES
use ‘a’
If the response to that question is NO
use ‘o’
Biggs’ Let’s Learn Māori also provides a list of items or categories that can help
you determine which possession particle to use, such as; transport and clothing is
‘o’ category, but food and generations younger than the ‘possessor’ are ‘a’
category.
Use the means to make the distinction that you find easiest to apply!
Practice Exercises – Whakamāoritia!
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
Mary’s children ran up the hill.
Her shoes were all tattered (broken).
The wheel (wīra) of the car rolled down the hill.
Those carrots were growing (tupu) outside the garden fence (taiepa).
The animals (kararehe) were afraid of the spirits of the ancestors.
At the hospital the family of the deceased (tupapaku) discussed his funeral
arrangements.
Our pāua were cooked to perfection.
My glasses (spectacles) were broken by that stupid dog!
Bring your assignment (tuhituhi) to my office immediately!
As soon as they died, my aunt sold our grandparent’s home.
I have something. He ... tāku/tōku. Whodunnit? Na wai ... ?
Who’s gunna do it? Mā wai e ...?
Maori 101 Kura Raumati – Summer School, 2017
‘t’ Class Possession
‘t’ class possession allows the possessor to be located within the possessed phrase.
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English examples are – John’s pen (the pen of John), the girl’s grandparents (the
grandparents of the girl), Simon’s horse (the horse of Simon).
In Māori, the definitive (the) is incorporated into the possession particle ‘a’ OR
‘o’ – te pene a Hone = tā Hone pene; ngā tūpuna o te kōtiro = ō te kōtiro
tupuna; tō Simon hoiho.
With possessors other than personal pronouns the 2 phrase possession (te pene a
Hone) is more usual, but pronouns prefer the 1 phrase form (tā Hone pene) and is
obligatory with te and ngā.
The singular pronouns have specific forms and these must be learned and used.
e.g. *tā + ahau becomes tāku *tā + koe becomes tāu *tō + ia becomes tōna
etc. see Table of possessive pronouns online.
Saying someone has something
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In this situation, only the formal ‘t’ class possessives may be used.
e.g. She has new shoes.
Do you (pl) have any food?
I have naughty grandchildren.
He hū hou ōna.
He kai ā koutou?
He mokopuna haututu āku.
Exercises
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
My friends were ashamed of their house on the side of the road.
Return our (pl. excl.) books.
The good girl is/was being carried by her older sister.
They have lovely daughters.
The bag was carried by their grandchildren.
My apple is sweeter than yours.
The seagulls flew over our (pl) house.
Those soldiers were taught by my husband’s father.
Do you have any lollies? No, but I’ve got peanuts and chips.
Makere has a class in her office, but we are learning mōteatea in here.
‘n’ and ‘m’ Class Possession
‘n’ class possession provides the meaning “belonging to”.
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e.g.
these possession particles when used in noun phrases take the ‘a’ or ‘o’ form
according to the relationship between possessor and the item that is possessed.
Nō tēnei whenua mātou.
Nōna ērā hū paru.
Nā rātou tēnei mīti.
Nāku ērā mokopuna.
We belong to this land.
Those dirty shoes are his.
This meat is theirs (belongs to them).
Those grandchildren are mine.
I have something. He ... tāku/tōku. Whodunnit? Na wai ... ?
Who’s gunna do it? Mā wai e ...?
Maori 101 Kura Raumati – Summer School, 2017
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e.g.
‘n’ class possession can be used with verbs and it is then called the “actor
emphatic” and indicates past action.
In these cases the verb particle is always ‘i’ because the action is always
possessed in the past and it is always ‘a’ category (control).
I call these sentence structures the ‘whodunnits’ because they answer the question
‘Who did something?’
The sentence structure is Act. Emph. + i + Verb + Subject but in Actor
emphatic the VP and SP may be reversed.
Nāna / i mau / tērā hāte kikorangi. He wore that blue shirt.
Nāna / tērā hāte kikorangi / i mau.
Nā ngā tamariki / i horoi / te motokā. It was the children who washed the car.
Act.Em + i + V + S
‘m’ class possession provides the meaning “for someone” or possession in the
future.
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e.g.
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e.g.
these possession particles when used in noun phrases take the ‘a’ or ‘o’ form
according to the relationship between possessor and the item that is possessed.
Mōu ēnei kākahu hōu.
Mōku te motokā whero.
Māna ngā hua whenua.
Mā māua ko taku tāne taua mea.
‘m’ class possession can be used with verbs and it is then called the “actor
emphatic” and indicates future action.
In these cases the verb particle is always ‘e’ because the action is always
possessed in the future and it is always ‘a’ category (control).
I call these sentence structures the ‘who’s gunna doits’ because they answer the
question ‘Who will do something?’
The sentence structure is Act. Emph. + e + Verb + Subject but in Actor
emphatic the VP and SP may be reversed.
Māu / e tunu / te kai.
Māu / te kai / e tunu.
Mā rāua / e whai atu / te poaka.
Act.Em + e + V + S
Exercises
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
These new clothes are for you.
The red car is for me.
The vegetables are for him.
That thing is for me and my husband.
You will cook the food.
They (2) will chase after the pig.
Whakamāoritia!
I have a question. Who killed the pig?
I’ll wash the dishes but, you can sweep the floor.
He has new socks, but the girls have new shoes.
Who will buy the fruit this week? I bought apples, bananas and pears last week.
It was Mahu, Koro and Manu that climbed up Mount Taranaki last week.
I have something. He ... tāku/tōku. Whodunnit? Na wai ... ?
Who’s gunna do it? Mā wai e ...?
Maori 101 Kura Raumati – Summer School, 2017
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
The monkeys and the cats will dance inside the hall (horo) tonight.
The monkey asked “Do you have any bananas?”
Our (2 excl.) land was taken and 10 new houses were built there.
It was my children that caught the fish, yours just ate it all.
He (it was him that) danced on top of the table, we all just watched.
Translate this waiata
Mā wai rā e taurima, te marae i waho nei
Mā te tika, mā te pono, me te aroha e.
Tangihia i muri nei, kua riro koutou
Ki te iwi, i te rangi, ki Te Atua e!
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I have something. He ... tāku/tōku. Whodunnit? Na wai ... ?
Who’s gunna do it? Mā wai e ...?