Download Biology Final 2008-2009 Study Guide

Biology Final 2009-2010 Study Guide
Chapter 1 and 2
1. What is a hypothesis?
17. levels of organization from simplest to most
complex
2. Define homeostasis.
18. define diffusion
3. basic unit of length in the metric system
19. what organelles are found only in plant cells
4. boiling point of water in degrees C
20. function of the nucleus
5. basic unit of mass in the metric system
21. what is active transport
6. most abundant compound in living things
22. what type of cell has a nucleus
7. Amino acid is to protein as: fat is to lipid or
23. what organelle converts food into energy
sugar is to fat or DNA is to RNA or simple
sugar is to starch
8. what is a monosaccharide?
9. functions of proteins
10. what are the monomers of the following:
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
Chapter 7
11. what is osmosis
12. what organelle makes proteins
13. what organelles make energy
14. main function of the cell wall
15. sequence that correctly traces the path of a
protein in the cell
24. what is the cell membrane made of ?
Chapter 8 and 9
25. what are autotrophs
26. what are heterotrophs
27. what gas do plants need to perform
photosynthesis
28. what does photosynthesis produce
29. what is necessary for photosynthesis to
occur
30. what organelle has light absorbing
molecules
31. plants get the sun’s energy by absorbing
what from it?
answer : ribosome, rough ER, golgi
32. why do plants appear green
apparatus, released from the cell
33. what happens if there is no carbon dioxide in
16. function of the cell membrane
a plant’s environment?
34. what affects the rate of photosynthesis
(cont. Ch 8 and 9)
49. what makes up a nucleotide
35. what would happen if a plant is exposed to
50. what nitrogen bases always pair up
high temperatures
36. draw a graph that will represent the effect
of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis
37. draw a graph the will represent the effect of
light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis
together?
51. what is replication?
52. replicates results in what?
53. what is the correct sequence that pairs up
with CTAGGT during replication
38. what is released during cellular respiration
54. where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells
39. cellular respiration uses one molecule of
55. RNA contains what type of sugar
glucose to produce how much ATP
56. what nitrogen bases does RNA have
40. what is the equation of photosynthesis
57. how many types of RNA is there
41. why is cellular respiration called an aerobic
58. what types of RNA are made from DNA
process
42. . can an anaerobic bacterium carry out
cellular respiration? Why or why not
43. how are photosynthesis and cellular
respiration related
44. what organelle is the location of cellular
respiration
45. in what type of organism does cellular
respiration occur
46. what are the products of photosynthesis
Chapter 12
47. .what does a DNA molecule look like?
Draw it
48. what does a nucleotide look like? Draw it
59. what is produced during transcription
60. using the genetic code, what does CAG
stand for
61. using the genetic code, how many different
codons represent leucine
62. what is a codon? How many codons are
needed to specify three amino acids
63. what happens during the process of
translation
64. what type of RNA functions as a blueprint
of the genetic code
65. what are mutations
Chapter 10 and 11
66. draw and label the cell cycle
81. create a punnett square for RrYy x RRYy ,
what are the results
67. what is the cell cycle
82. what is incomplete dominance
68. draw and label a chromosome
83. red cow RR cross with white bull WW
69. name the three parts of the chromosomes
equals all offspring having RRWW. This
70. name the phases of mitosis in proper order
type of inheritance is known as?
71. why did Mendel study pea plants
84. mendel’s principles applies to who?
72. offspring that result from crosses between
85. how many chromosomes do gametes have?
true-breeding parents with different traits
86. how are gametes produced?
will produce ?
87. draw a diagram of crossing over
73. what are chemical factors that determine
traits
74. what did Mendel conclude about traits
75. if you cross a tall plant and short plant ,
what will all the offspring have
88. what type of cells go thru meiosis only?
89. what is the result of meiosis
90. if a plant has a recessive allele for green
peas, it will produce what type of offspring
91. create a punnett square for the following
76. state the principle of dominance
true breed tall and true breed short. What
77. if you cross true-breeding tall plants with
will the offspring have?
true-breeding short plants, all the offspring
will have?
78. what is the probability that a coin that is
flipped will land on tails?
79. if you have 2 identical alleles fior a
particular trait are called?
80. create a punnett square for this cross TT x
Tt , what are the results
92. how many different allele combinations
would be formed by a pea plant that has the
genotype RrYY?
93. if an organism’s diploid number is 12, its
haploid number is?
94. how many alleles does a gamete have?
Chapter 13 and 14
95. list examples of selective breeding
96. know the difference between inbreeding and
hydridization
97. what is the ultimate source of genetic
variation
99. what kind of technique do scientists use to
make transgenic organisms?
100. what is the purpose of the Human Genome
project?
98. why are mutations useful in selective
breeding
Know how to solve all types of punnett squares – use the last quiz to help you study.