Download Unit 9 Test Review ANSWERS

Unit 9 Test Review
Classification
1.
What is taxonomy?
a.
Field of science that studies the organization of living things
2.
What are the 7 levels of classification?
a.
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
3.
Who developed with the system of classification we use?
a.
Carolus Linnaeus
4.
What is binomial nomenclature?
a.
Two named naming system that we use to get the scientific name for an organism
5.
What are the two names that contribute to the scientific name? What is the
format we use to write it?
a.
Genus (with first letter capitalized) then species (first letter lower case) written in italics
or underlined. Example- Homo sapiens or H. Sapiens
6.
What is a dichotomous key?
a.
A tool for finding the identity to an unknown organism
7.List the three domains. Which kingdoms are in each domain?
a. Domain Bacteria- Kingdom Eubacteria (auto and hetero); Domain Archaea- Kingdom
Archaebacteria (auto and hetero); Domain Eukarya- Kingdoms Protista (auto and hetero),
Fungi (hetero decomposers), Plantae (auto) and Animalia (hetero)
Viruses
8.What is a virus? What is a virus made of?
a.
Noncellular particle that infects living cells; made of genetic material (nucleic acid)
inside a protein coat (capsid)
9.
In what ways are they like living things? In what ways are they not?
a.
Like living things because they have protein, genetic material, they can evolve; dislike
because they don’t meet the characteristics of living things (can’t reproduce by themselves,
don’t use or obtain energy etc)
10.
Describe a lytic infection step by step.
a.
Kills the cell quickly; DNA Enters the cell, cell Makes copies of the virus, viruses Tear
out of the cell, killing it
11.
Describe a lysogenic infection step by step.
a.
Virus waits before it becomes active; Gets its genes into the host, Adds its genes into
the genome and lets the cell divide, Switches to lytic cycle and kills the cell
12.
What is a retrovirus?
a.
Virus that uses RNA as it’s genetic information
Bacteria
13.
Name the major characteristics of bacteria.
a.
Single celled, prokaryotes, cell wall, circular chromosome
14.
What is a prokaryote? How can you tell one from a eukaryote in a picture?
a.
Cell with no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
15.
What kingdom are bacteria in the 5 kingdom system? The 6 kingdom system?
a.
5 Kingdom- Monera; 6 Kingdom- Monera splits into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
16.
What are ways that bacteria can reproduce?
a.
Binary fission (asexual) and conjugation (sexual)
17.
What are the three shapes of bacteria we discussed? Three arrangements?
a.
Coccus- sphere, bacillus-rod, spirillum-spiral; diplo-pairs, strepto-chain, staphyl-clump
18.
What is a pathogen?
a.
Disease causing organism
19.
List Koch’s postulates
a.
1.Found in sick person not in healthy 2. It can be isolated 3.If put into healthy person
they get sick 4. Can be reisolated and is the same
20.
What is an antibiotic? How can you measure their effectiveness?
a.
Chemical or drug that kills bacteria (microbes); measure Zone of Interference (clear
area where bacteria won’t grow. Inappropriate use of bacteria can lead to antibiotic resistant
bacteria.
21.
List three positive things bacteria do.
a.
1 Fix nitrogen for plants (most important) 2 Recycle nutrients in the environment
(decompose things) 3 Help with food production
Protists
22.
What are protists?
a.
Single celled eukaryotes
23.
How are protists organized?
a.
Plantlike- have chloroplasts; Animallike- heterotrophs (eat food)
24.
What is a flagella? Cilia? Pseudopod?
a.
Flagella- whiplike tail; cilia-short hairs; pseudopod- blobs of cytoplasm used for
movement
25.
What is the purpose of a contractile vacuole?
a.
Pumps water in or out of the cell to maintain homeostasis (constant conditions in the
cell)
26.
What is a food vacuole?
a.
Place to store absorbed food particles in the cell
Fungi
27.
What are the main characteristics of the Kingdom Fungi?
a.
Single or multicelled; eukaryotes; heterotrophs; decomposers; have cell walls
28.
What is a heterotroph?
a.
Organism that gets it’s energy from the food it eats
29.
What are hyphae?
a. Filaments that absorb food and water; “fungus root”
30.
What is mycelium?
a.Collection of interwined hyphe
31.
What are spores?
a.Particles from which a new fungus develops; “fungus seed”
32.
What are the cell walls of fungi made out of?
a.Chitin