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CHEM 211: Physical Chemistry Instructor: Dr Falak Sher Year: 2009-10 Office No. & E-mail: 311 PDC, [email protected] Office Hours: TBA Course Code: CHEM 211 Semester: Spring Category: Sophomore Course Title: Physical Chemistry Credits: 3 Objectives: After taking this course students are expected to understand - how energy is exchanged between the system and surroundings under different conditions. - how entropy and Gibbs free energy can be used to predict the direction of the spontaneous change and estimate the position of equilibrium. - how thermodynamics concepts can be used to explain various physical and chemical changes. - how the rate of different physical and chemical changes can be predicted using the chemical kinetics concepts. - how these kinetic concepts can be applied to enzymes catalyzed processes in the biological systems. Course Outline: The First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy conversion and conservation, state of a system, internal energy and enthalpy, physical changes, chemical changes. The Second Law of Thermodynamics: The direction of spontaneous changes, entropy and the Second Law, measurement of entropy change accompanying various physical and chemical changes, the Third Law of Thermodynamics, Gibbs free energy, calculation of Gibbs free energy, case studies: life and the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the action of adenosine triphosphate. Free energy and phase equilibria: The thermodynamics of transition, phase transitions in biopolymers and aggregates, colligative properties, osmosis and the osmotic pressure of solutions of biopolymers. Free energy and chemical equilibria: Thermodynamics background, binding oxygen to myoglobin and hemoglobin, the response of equilibria to conditions, coupled reactions in bioenergetics, proton transfer equilibria and buffer action in blood. Thermodynamics of Ion and Electron Transport: Transport of ions across biological membranes, redox reactions, applications of standard potentials, electron transfer in bioenergetics. The kinetics of life processes: Rate of reactions, rate laws and rate constants, the temperature dependence of reaction rates, reaction mechanisms, reaction dynamics. Enzyme Kinetics: Michaelis-Menten kinetics, competition and inhibition, electron transfer in biological systems. Course Status: Required course for all Biology and Chemistry Majors Pre-requisites: CHEM 101 or CH 101 and CH 102 Text books: (i) (ii) Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences by P. W. Atkins (2006) Physical Chemistry: Principles and Applications in Biological Systems, 4th edition, by Tinoco, Sauer, Wang and Puglisi Lectures: Three weekly lectures of 60 minutes duration each. Grading Scheme: Quizzes**: Assignments: Midterm: Final: 20% 10% 30% 40% **: Both announced and surprise quizzes. Best 80% quizzes of the total will count towards the final score. Attendance: Attendance is required in all lectures. Surprise quizzes will be taken as and when the instructor wishes to do so. Homework: You will be assigned homework problems each week. All homework assignments must be worked out and submitted according to the specific directions and requirements of your instructor. Late homeworks will receive a grade of zero unless permission is granted by the instructor for genuine reasons. Solutions to the homework problems will be posted on the LMS after expiry of due date. General Policies: 1. 2. 3. 4. Students are expected to read the specified textbook material before coming to class. Instructor may spend more or less time on topics listed; he may be one or two topics ahead or behind. Late arrival in the class is discouraged. Mobile phones should be switched off. Module Titles: 1. 2. 3. The First Law of Thermodynamics The Second Law of Thermodynamics Free energy and phase equilibria 1.5 week. 2.0 weeks. 2.0 weeks 4. 5. 6. 7. Free energy and chemical equilibria Thermodynamics of Ion and Electron Transport The kinetics of life processes Enzyme Kinetics 2.0 weeks 1.5 week 2.0 week 2.0 week