Download Chapter 9 Notes Guide – Mendel and Heredity

Chapter 10 Notes Guide – Molecular Biology of the Gene
Biology
Castone
**A hard copy of the Class Notes are available on the Chapter 10 Power
Point on my Eboard. You can print this from home or at school
whenever needed.**
Section 10.1
1) Explain Frederick Griffith’s experiment (see picture below).
2) What question were scientists Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase trying to
address in their experiment (see below)?
Make sure to take any notes on the experiment that are not already explained in the
picture.
Section 10.2
3) Draw a simple picture of a DNA polynucleotide and also draw the complex
picture of it. (see Figure 10.2A)
4) In your complex picture of a DNA polynucleotide, circle a nucleotide and label
its parts.
5) What is a sugar-phosphate backbone?
6) Explain: what are purines and what are pyrimidines?
7) Compare and contrast DNA with RNA.
Section 10.3
8) There are many scientists involved in the discovery of DNA. Name them all and
state what their contribution was to the understanding of the DNA molecule.
1)
2)
3)
Section 10.4
9) DNA can replicate itself. What does this mean?
Section 10.5
10) The two strands of a DNA molecule are oriented in opposite directions. This is
seen in Figure 10.5B. Explain what is meant by the 3’ end of DNA and the 5’ end
of DNA.
11) Draw a picture of DNA replication and label: parent strand, daughter strand,
5’ end, 3’ end, DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase, “leading
daughter strand”, and “lagging daughter strand”, and replication fork.
Section 10.6
12) The purpose of DNA is to make a protein, but how does it do this? There are two
steps: transcription and translation. Explain what each of these is.
Transcription:
Translation:
Section 10.7
13) What is a triplet code and what are codons?
Take this sample DNA strand and write the complementary RNA to it.
TAC GCG CCA TTA AGC CAG GTA (DNA)
_______________________________ (RNA)
14) DNA makes RNA, then RNA makes a polypeptide made of amino acids. Take
the RNA code from above and write down what amino acids correspond with it.
Use the chart below.
_______
________ _________ ________ _______ _________ _________
Section 10.9
15) What is the name of the enzyme that starts transcription?
16) How does this enzyme “know” where to start transcription on the DNA
molecule?
17) Name the 3 stages of transcription and briefly explain them.
1.
2.
3.
Sections 10.10, 10.11, and 10.12
18) Name the 3 types of RNA that become important during translation.
19) Where does translation occur?
20) Draw the symbol that is used in your textbook for tRNA. Label its parts. If you
want to know what the real thing looks like, check out Figure 10.11A.
Section 10.14
21) During translation, there is an elongation stage. Name the three steps of this
elongation stage.
1.
2.
3.
Section 10.15
22) Now you have learned about transcription and translation. We are going to draw a large, comprehensive picture of the entire
process. Please make sure you are taking notes on any part that you are confused about. Your drawing needs to be neat and
done in pencil.
Section 10.16
23) What is a mutation?
24) What is a reading frame?
25) Name some mutagens.
26) In your study packet, there is an exercise in which you show how a mutation can
affect transcription and translation. Make sure you do these exercises and
understand the impact of mutations.