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UNIT 3: ANIMAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Section 3.1 Organ systems Cells are the smallest functional unit of life. Cells similar in shape and function work together as tissues. The human body has 4 kinds of tissues: i. epithelial ii. connective iii. muscle iv. nervous Different types of tissues form organs to carry out particular functions. Hands, kidneys, heart, liver, skin are some of the complex organs of your body. An organ system is a group of organs that has related structures. Human organ systems: Organ system Major organs Digestive Oesophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas Circulatory Heart, blood vessels Respiratory Lungs, trachea, blood vessels Major function Physical and chemical breakdown of food Transportation of nutrients, gases, and wastes; defence against infection Gas exchange Reproductive Excretory Locomotion Endocrine nervous Testes, vas deferens, ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, glands Kidneys, bladder, ureter, urethra, liver Bones, muscle Sexual reproduction Removal of wastes Movement of body and body parts Pancreas, Coordination and pituitary gland, chemical adrenal glands regulation of body activities Brain, spinal Response to cord, eyes, ears, environment, nose, tongue, control of body peripheral nerves activities. Monitoring organs: Technology provides many diagnostic tools for examining human organs; X-rays – bones and some internal organs by ingestion of metallic compounds. CT scan – computed tomography provides information regarding structure Nuclear imaging – provides information regarding function of an organ. Inject radionuclides into the body and check for collection in target organs. MRI – magnetic resonance imaging provides information regarding both structure and function. The instrument uses magnetic forces and radio waves.