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INTRODUCTION Title: THE IMPACT DEPRESSION HAS ON TEENS Core: COMMUNITY Strand: WELL BEING The aim of the Investigation: 1. TO INVESTIGATE WHAT IS DEPRESSION AND WHAT TYPES EXIST. 2. TO IDENTIFY THE SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF THE INDIVIDUAL. 3. TO IDENTIFY THE SUPPORT NETWORKS THAT ARE AVAILABLE FOR TEENS DIAGNOSED WITH DEPRESSION. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS Depression: A psychiatric disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate, insomnia, loss of appetite, anhedonia, feelings of extreme sadness, guilt, helplessness and hopelessness, and thoughts of death. Also called clinical depression Mental: Of, relating to, or affected by a disorder of the mind Self-esteem: Pride in oneself; self-respect Self-concept: The mental image or perception that one has of oneself Major Depression: at least two weeks of depressed mood with at least four symptoms such as sad and lethargic, feeling worthless, pessimism and thoughts of death. Dysthymic Disorder: A chronic disturbance of mood lasting at least two years in adults or one year in children, characterized by recurrent periods of mild depression and such symptoms as insomnia, tearfulness, and pessimism. Diagnosed: To distinguish or identify (a disease, for example) by diagnosis. Disorder: To disturb the normal physical or mental health of; derange. Euphoria: A feeling of great happiness or wellbeing Addison’ Disease: A disease caused by partial or total failure of adrenocortical function, which is characterized by a bronzelike pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes, anaemia, weakness, and low blood pressure. Amphetamines: Amphetamines are stimulants or "uppers" -- usually made synthetically in illegal labs. The effects -- stimulation of the central nervous system; a sense of well-being and higher energy; a release of social inhibitions; and feelings of cleverness, competence and power -- are similar to the effects of cocaine but last longer. The term "amphetamine" refers to a large class of stimulants: amphetamines (black beauties, white bennies), dextroamphetamines (dexies, beans), and methamphetamines (crank, meth, crystal, speed). They can be taken orally, injected, smoked, or snorted. Chronic use can cause paranoia, picking at the skin, auditory and visual hallucinations, and extremely violent and erratic Baby blues: Post partum depression - After having a baby, many women have mood swings. One minute they feel happy, the next minute they start to cry. They may feel a little depressed, have a hard time concentrating, lose their appetite or find that they can't sleep well even when the baby is asleep. These symptoms usually start about 3 to 4 days after delivery and may last several days. Biotin deficiency: Rare nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of vitamin B. Bipolar disorder: disorder characterised by mood upswings. Borderline Personality Disorder: personality disorder marked by a longstanding pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, behaviour, mood, and self-image that can interfere with social or occupational functioning or cause extreme emotional distress Celiac Disease: A chronic nutritional disturbance, usually of young children, caused by the inability to metabolise gluten, which results in malnutrition, a distended abdomen, muscle wasting, and the passage of stools having a high fat content. The disorder can be controlled by a special diet that emphasizes the elimination of all foods containing gluten Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A syndrome characterized by debilitating fatigue and a combination of flu like symptoms such as sore throat, swollen lymph glands, low-grade fever, headaches, and muscle pain or weakness. Cocaine: A colourless or white crystalline alkaloid, C17H21NO4, extracted from coca leaves, sometimes used in medicine as a local anaesthetic especially for the eyes, nose, or throat and widely used as an illicit drug for its euphoric and stimulating effects. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: A rare, usually fatal disease of the brain, characterized by progressive dementia and gradual loss of muscle control, that occurs most often in middle age and is caused by a slow virus. Also called JakobCreutzfeldt disease. Cushing's syndrome: A syndrome caused by an increased production of ACTH from a tumour of the adrenal cortex or of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, or by excessive intake of glucocorticoid. It is characterized by obesity and weakening of the muscles. Cyclothymic disorder: A chronic mood disturbance generally lasting at least two years and characterized by mood swings including periods of hypomania and depression. Depressive disorders: any of several mood disorders and especially dysthymia and major depressive disorder that are characterized by prolonged or recurring symptoms of psychological depression without manic episodes Ecstasy: Intense joy or delight Generalized anxiety disorder: An anxiety neurosis or state characterized by an overall anxious mood lasting at least one month and including such symptoms as jitteriness, sweating, feelings of catastrophe concerning one's family or self, and irritability. Grand mal seizures: A sudden attack or convulsion characterized by generalized muscle spasms and loss of consciousness; it is recurrent in grand mal. Gulf War syndrome: A medical condition affecting some veterans of the Gulf War, characterized by fatigue, headache, joint pain, skin rashes, nausea, dizziness, and respiratory disorders, and attributed to reactions to prophylactic drugs and vaccines, infectious diseases, or exposure to pesticides and other chemicals, radiation, and smoke from oil fires. Also called Persian Gulf illness. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: chronic autoimmune thyroiditis that is characterized by thyroid enlargement, thyroid fibrosis, lymphatic infiltration of thyroid tissue, and the production of antibodies which attack the thyroid and that occurs much more often in women than men and increases in frequency of occurrence with age called also Hashimoto's disease Huntington's Disease: progressive chorea that is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, that usually begins in middle age, that is characterized by choreiform movements and mental deterioration leading to dementia, and that is accompanied by atrophy of the caudate nucleus and the loss of certain brain cells with a decrease in the level of several neurotransmitters called also Huntington's Hyperparathyroidism: An increase in the secretory activity of the parathyroid glands, causing generalized osteitis fibrosa cystica, elevated serum calcium, decreased serum phosphorus, and increased excretion of both calcium and phosphorus Hypothyroidism: Insufficient production of thyroid hormones Lupus: Any of various chronic skin conditions characterized by ulcerative lesions that spread over the body. No longer in scientific use. Menopause: The period marked by the natural and permanent cessation of menstruation, occurring usually between the ages of 45 and 55 Metachromatic Leukodystrophy: An inherited metabolic disorder characterized by myelin loss, accumulation of metachromatic lipids in the white matter of the central and peripheral nervous systems, a marked excess of sulfatidates in white matter and in urine, progressive paralysis, and dementia. Obstructive sleep apnea: sleep apnea that is caused by recurring interruption of breathing during sleep because of obstruction of the upper airway by weak or malformed pharyngeal tissues, that occurs especially in obese middle-aged and elderly men, and that results in hypoxemia and in chronic lethargy during the day called also obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Panic Disorder: A psychological disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks and usually resulting in the development of one or more phobias, such as agoraphobia. It may or may not be associated with a specific situational trigger. Pellagra: A disease caused by a deficiency of niacin and protein in the diet and characterized by skin eruptions, digestive and nervous system disturbances, and eventual mental deterioration. Polymyalgia rheumatica: disorder of the elderly characterized by muscular pain and stiffness in the shoulders and neck and in the pelvic area Porphyria: Any of several disorders of porphyrin metabolism, usually hereditary, characterized by the presence of large amounts of porphyrins in the blood and urine. Postpartum depression: After having a baby, many women have mood swings. One minute they feel happy, the next minute they start to cry. They may feel a little depressed, have a hard time concentrating, lose their appetite or find that they can't sleep well even when the baby is asleep. These symptoms usually start about 3 to 4 days after delivery and may last several days. Premenstrual syndrome: A varied group of physical and psychological symptoms, including abdominal bloating, breast tenderness, headache, fatigue, irritability, anxiety, and depression, that occur from 2 to 7 days before the onset of menstruation and cease shortly after menses begins. Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: an uncommon neurological disorder that is of unknown etiology, that typically occurs from late middle age onward, and that is marked by loss of voluntary vertical eye movement, muscular rigidity and dystonia of the neck and trunk, pseudobulbar paralysis, bradykinesia, and dementia called also supranuclear palsy Psychosis: A severe mental disorder, with or without organic damage, characterized by derangement of personality and loss of contact with reality and causing deterioration of normal social functioning. Rabies: An acute, infectious, often fatal viral disease of most warm-blooded animals, especially wolves, cats, and dogs that attack the central nervous system and are transmitted by the bite of infected animals Seasonal Affective Disorder: A form of depression occurring at certain seasons of the year, especially when the individual has less exposure to sunlight. Sleep apnea: A temporary suspension of breathing occurring repeatedly during sleep that often affects overweight people or those having an obstruction in the breathing tract, an abnormally small throat opening, or a neurological disorder. Stress: A mentally or emotionally disruptive or upsetting condition occurring in response to adverse external influences and capable of affecting physical health, usually characterized by increased heart rate, a rise in blood pressure, muscular tension, irritability, and depression. Suicide: The act or an instance of intentionally killing oneself Whiplash: An injury to the cervical spine caused by an abrupt jerking motion of the head, either backward or forward LIMITATIONS 1. Respondents that responded to the survey in some cases with unrelated answers, therefore affecting the weight of the findings. 2. A wide range of respondents in the survey was not attained. The main group of respondents were 16/17 years old. This may also affect the validity of conclusions drawn. 3. The responses to the interviews did not give me the best information I could have attained therefore affecting the amount of primary data I gathered. 4. Lack of motivation to complete my assignment in a timely fashion 5. The interview with the Kids Help Line was cut short because the counsellors are not permitted for interviewing for schooling purposes due to the amount of kids needing their services. 6. The students did not do the surveys I handed out in a timely manner therefore creating more stress for me to create more surveys to be collected again. RESEARCH PROCEDURES METHODOLOGY APPROACH The investigation and collection of data is based on: 1. Surveying students from Terra Sancta College on the awareness they have of depression and the impact it has on teenagers. 2. Interview with a student from Terra Sancta College who suffers from clinical depression. 3. Interview with a second student from Terra Sancta College who also suffers from clinical depression. 4. Interview with a counsellor from The Kids Help Line to find out his opinions on depression and the facts he knows, as he is a counsellor. 5. Reviewing secondary information on the effect depression has on teenagers. This includes Pamphlets, books and websites. SUBJECTS The subjects that we used in the IRP were selected in the following way: Students at Terra Sancta College who were chosen randomly to complete a survey relating to depression and the social, emotional and physical effects it has on teens. Interview one: a friend of mine who currently attends Terra Sancta College who suffers from depression and can give first hand knowledge of what depression is all about. Interview two: a friend of mine who currently attends Terra Sancta College who also suffers from depression and can give first hand knowledge of what depression is all about. Interview three: A random counsellor from The Kids Help Line who can give information on teenagers he has talked to who suffer with depression. POPULATION The Population that is the focus of this research includes: Students at Terra Sancta College A counsellor from The Kids Help Line Unnamed – A student and teen that currently suffers with clinical depression Unnamed – A student and teen that currently suffers from clinical depression The Terra Sancta College library – books attained from there Google web based search engine – websites were then obtained from there DATA COLLECTION An interview format was used to gain 3 out of 4 primary research A survey was used to gain the other primary source Interview one consisted of 8 questions Interview two consisted of 8 questions also Interview three consisted of 3 questions due to the interview being cut short Interview one was 10 minutes in duration and was over the phone. It was written while being interviewed Interview two was 15 minutes in duration using the same questions and it was in person. The responses were written while she was being interviewed Interview three was 10 minutes in duration and was over the phone. I wrote the answers while interviewing The survey had four questions and was handed out to 30 random students at Terra Sancta College Secondary data was collected from pamphlets, books and websites DATA ANALYSIS Data analysis involved: Extensive reading from multiple books and websites to gain further knowledge on depression Analysing the primary data, including the interviews and survey Analysing the comparisons between primary and secondary data SECONDARY RESEARCH FOR Q1. WHAT IS DEPRESSION AND THE DIFFERENT TYPES THAT EXIST: Depression is a tragic but real fact of life. Mental depression is one of humanity’s most common sicknesses and is distinctly different from mere unhappiness or sadness. Both men and women are falling into the trap of depression and into feelings of desperation, desolation, hopelessness and vulnerability due to the hastily varying social environment and morals. A depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. It affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way they feel about themselves, and the way they feel about life in general. Most people have blue days from time to time, but many people experience depression so deep and lasting that it destroys all pleasures in life. So what is depression? Depression is a sad mood that doesn’t go away. The loss of enjoyment, confidence, self-esteem and self-concept. It is a feeling of guilt, the difficulty concentrating, and the change in eating or sleeping habits or thoughts of death. Depression is usually triggered by something such as a bad relationship, having a baby, losing a job, being a victim of a crime, stress or something as simple as lack of exposure to bright light. It can also be triggered by substance abuse, death of a close friend or family member, learning disabilities, social problems such as poverty, homelessness or violence, and just general unhappiness caused through family and friends. Genetics is also a huge factor in the contribution to depression. There are many different types of depression, some much worse than others. Major depression, also known as clinical depression, is diagnosed if a person has experienced 2 weeks of depressed mood with at least four other symptoms of depression. It is a severe form of depression believed to be associated with a chemical imbalance in the brain. Symptoms that can indicate clinical depression include a depressed mood, loss of interest or enjoyment, low energy level and fatigue and tiredness only after slight effort. These are the most common signs, but someone with clinical depression can also experience a reduction in concentration and attention, low self-esteem and confidence, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, pessimistic views of the future, ideas of selfharm and / or suicide, disturbed sleep, and loss of appetite. Dysthymic disorder is diagnosed if a person has experienced at least 2 years of depressed mood more days than not and has additional symptoms of depression. It has an early onset and is present for many years. Children with Dysthymic disorder are usually angry, have low self esteem and have difficulty socialising. Dysthymic Disorder is often characterised by chronic depression, but without the severity of major depression. The main symptom is an almost dailydepressed mood for at least two years. Other symptoms often include lowered energy, sleep and appetite disturbances and low self-esteem. Sufferers of Dysthymic Disorder will often claim that they can't ever remember not feeling depressed. Dysthymia does not tend to hinder the sufferer to the point where they cannot perform everyday routines, although the disorder is severe enough to cause distress and interference with important life role responsibilities. Dysthymic Disorder causes changes in thinking, feelings, behaviour and physical well-being. Manic Depression, which is also known as bi-polar disorder, is characterised by exaggerated mood upswings. If you’re manic, your mood is happy, confident and “up”, even euphoric, while your emotions such as affection, generosity love, irritability and anger are very volatile. You may feel simply energetic and productive at the beginning of a manic period, only to lose touch with reality and develop big but completely unrealistic beliefs as the episode escalates. Occasionally they will suffer from paranoid beliefs, beliefs of a conspiracy against the sufferer are most common. POSSIBLE CONDITIONS OR DRUGS THAT MAY CAUSE DEPRESSION Addison's Disease Amphetamines Autoimmune thyroid diseases Baby blues Biotin deficiency Bipolar disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Celiac Disease Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Cushing's syndrome Cyclothymic disorder Dementia With Lewy Bodies Depressive disorders Dysthymia Cocaine Ecstasy Generalized anxiety disorder Grand mal seizures Gulf War syndrome Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Huntington's Disease Hyperparathyroidism Hypothyroidism Lupus Menopause Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Obstructive sleep apnea Panic Disorder Pellagra Polymyalgia rheumatica Postpartum depression Premenstrual syndrome Porphyria Prion diseases Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Psychosis Rabies Seasonal Affective Disorder Sleep apnea Stress Suicide Thyroid disorders Traumatic Brain Injury Whiplash PRIMARY RESEARCH FOR Q1. WHAT IS DEPRESSION AND THE DIFFERENT TYPES THAT EXIST: Depression can be found in children of any age. According to Interview one and Interview two, there was a constant feeling of sadness, unworthiness, helplessness and hopelessness. Self-mutilation happened frequently and suicide was contemplated everyday. Both Interview one and interview two have clinical/major depression and say it does affect their everyday lives. They feel they are judged for it more often than not and need ways to vent out their frustration, anger and guilt. Interviewee one said she wrote dark poetry drew dark pictures and self-mutilated herself to clear her head and make her feel better. Interviewee two said she segregated and isolated herself and cried often to make herself feel better. They both said that the depression was the worst feeling - waking up in the morning just waiting and willing for it to be time to go back to bed. The third interview was with a Kids Help Line counsellor. He said that he would define depression as an Alone Mood. That depression was persistent over time and could range from weeks to years. He stated that depression would be significantly noticeable by the change of normal, everyday activities and a change in the way of functioning. He also said that everyone is different in the way they show their depression and some aren’t very noticeable but others are. In a survey given to students at Terra Sancta College, the majority said they believed depression was when you are sad for a certain period of time. Others stated it was when the person felt unwanted, had low self esteem, was down and unhappy. Only a small amount could name a type of depression and that was bi-polar and manic. SECONDARY RESEARCH FOR Q2. DESCRIBE THE SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF DEPRESSION ON THE INDIVIDUAL: The symptoms of depression generate a shield between the sufferer and others, therefore decreasing both the amount and value of their social contacts. Depression segregates us, hinders us, and can add to weakening physical as well as emotional health. The physical, emotional and social effect on the individual greatly hinders the wellbeing of that individual and of others. The physical effects of depression on the sufferer are things such as: Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed, including sex Decreased energy, fatigue, feeling "slowed down" Difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions Inability to act Inability to think clearly, feeling “fuzzy-headed" Insomnia, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping Loss of appetite and weight loss, or overeating and weight gain Restlessness, irritability Headaches, digestive disorders, and chronic pain The physical effects for a person suffering with bi-polar or manic depression are as follows: Agitation, edginess, irritability, restlessness Increased energy, sleeplessness Reckless spending sprees or other activities with high potential for painful consequences Delusions or hallucinations Increased sexual drive Aggressive behaviour Inability to concentrate well Drug or alcohol use Euphoria, feeling "high" Racing thoughts, talkativeness Inflated self-esteem; grandiosity; poor judgment Inappropriate public behaviour The emotional effects for someone suffering with depression are: Sadness Helplessness Hopelessness Worthlessness Loss of interest Thoughts of death, suicide Feelings of guilt Unusual fear or feelings of panic Unexplained crying spells Feelings of worthlessness Irritability Pessimism The emotional affects and feelings for a sufferer of manic-depression are: Excessive irritability, aggressive behaviour Inflated sense of self-importance Prolonged sadness or unexplained crying spells Irritability, anger, worry, agitation, anxiety Pessimism, indifference Feelings of guilt, worthlessness Recurring thoughts of death or suicide Unrealistic belief in one's own abilities Poor judgment Unexplained crying The social effects on a person who has depression are: Inability to take pleasure in former interests, social withdrawal Detachment from friends, family and relationships Loss of enthusiasm Irritability, anger, worry, agitation, anxiety The social effect on someone with manic-depression or bipolar are: Increased talking, moving, and sexual activity Provocative or obnoxious behaviour Increased sex drive Increased energy, activity, rapid talking & thinking, agitation PRIMARY RESEARCH FOR Q2. DESCRIBE THE SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF DEPRESSION ON THE INDIVIDUAL: Interview one said that the social effects on her from the depression caused her to segregate herself and withdraw from friends and family. She said she became anti-social and rarely left her room except for school. The emotional effects on her had her crying herself to sleep and writing dark and sorrowful poetry. She was feeling sad and hopeless all the time and felt unworthy of the friends she still had left. She constantly thought about suicide. The physical effect on her was that she constantly felt tired and had unexplained headaches. She often caused herself physical pain from self-mutilation whether it was cutting, burning or bruising herself. Another physical effect was that the antidepressants she was on made her aggressive, tired and drowsy, and put on weight. Interview two said she was always around friends but she felt alone even though she was surrounded. She had friends with her all the time but felt as though she couldn’t talk about her pain or it would show her weakness. She gradually withdrew herself from her friends and family and her boyfriend and stayed at home all the time. Emotionally, she was a wreck. She said she cried at the drop of a hat and became very sensitive to anything anyone would say. She felt guilty at the way she was acting but also felt very victimised. She said that physically, she ached all the time, had constant headaches and was too tired to function properly. A third interview with a counsellor from the Kids Help Line described the social, emotional and physical affects he sees mostly in the kids that call and require his assistance. He stated that they say mostly that they feel that nobody understands what they are going through and that they are all alone. They discuss how they feel about their seclusion and isolation and that they feel that talking to family and friends will cause them unnecessary stress and add burdens on them. He says they feel angry and guilty for how they feel and that self-harm gives them a vent. They also talk about attempted suicide. Through a survey given out at Terra Sancta college, the majority said that the physical effects of depression was the self-harm and self-mutilation. Most also said that they gain weight or lose weight quickly and they would feel tired and stop caring about appearance. All of them said that for the social effects, they would isolate themselves or not have many friends. For the emotional effects, the majority also said that they would feel sad, alone and suicidal. SECONDARY RESEARCH FOR Q3. IDENTIFY THE SUPPORT NETWORKS AND THE HELP THAT IS AVAILABLE FOR TEENS WHO ARE DIAGNOSED WITH DEPRESSION: Support networks are the most integral part of recovery after depression. Counsellors, kids help line, parents, friends, family, and religion are all excellent support groups to help the teenager throughout this ordeal. The help that is available is: Counselling and therapy – Sometimes the sufferer may feel as though they have no one to talk to about how they are feeling. Counselling and therapy involve a process of talking about concerns, working through possible solutions and learning problem solving, communication skills and coping strategies Medication – Medication such as anti-depressants can be effective in the treatment of depression in some people. Anti-depressants often prescribed are the tricyclic anti-depressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. These medications are non-habit forming and are helpful in reducing the severity, frequency and duration of depressive episodes. The new generation of antidepressants include Prozac, wellbutrin and Zoloft. Hospitalisation – Sometimes a short stay in hospital is recommended if they feel so depressed that they may attempt suicide or the depression has affected their ability to function day to day. Hospitalisation may provide them with a chance to become used to medication and/or start talking about the pain they are experiencing. Alternative therapy – St John’s Wort has become prominent in recent years as an alternative herbal remedy for depression. There are many ways, in which a sufferer of depression can help themselves to recover using things such as monitoring the amount of negative self-talk, recognising the connection between thought, mood and behaviour, and challenging the automatic responses to situations and events. A good way to monitor the negative self-talk is substituting “I can’t do that” with “I don’t think I can do that but I will try”. Another strategy for staying well is to learn to like themselves. These are five ways to learn to like themselves: 1. Be honest with themself and others 2. Realise that procrastination erodes self esteem 3. Know who they are and what they believe 4. Realise they are just as valuable as someone else 5. Learn the art of encouragement. PRIMARY RESEARCH FOR Q3. IDENTIFY THE SUPPORT NETWORKS AND THE HELP THAT IS AVAILABLE FOR TEENS WHO ARE DIAGNOSED WITH DEPRESSION: Interview one stated that counsellors are the best way to recover. Every three to six months she gets reviewed by a psychologist and once a month she sees a counsellor to help her deal with depression. Medication and antidepressants are also prescribed to her to help her depression. Ciprinal was the first anti-depressant prescribed but now she is on Prozac. She strongly recommends people to get counselling before getting anti-depressants because they don’t always work. She said she turned to writing poetry and drawing to vent her frustrations. Interview two said she saw a counsellor once a fortnight in the first few months to help kick start the recovery process and now sees one every six months. She said she was never prescribed anti-depressants and used dancing and her relationships with friends, family and her boyfriend to help her recover. She also advises people to look at alternative therapy if you do not have to go onto anti-depressants. Through an interview with a counsellor in The Kids Help Line, the key thing the sufferer must do is not withdraw from assistance. And once assistance is achieved, to reach out in the local area to friends, family, school, counsellors, professionals and doctors. It is vital that the person gets adequate treatment to help them out of the depression. He said that even if antidepressants are not needed, to use the therapy to raise their self-esteem and selfconcept they had lost. RESOURCE LIST Read, Dr Christine and Dr Lisa Lampe. Depression, Lifting the Cloud. Sydney. Wyeth Australia Pty Limited 1993. Mental Health Information Service brochure ‘Depression’ – 1800 674 200 Depression website - www.depression.com National Institute of Mental Health - www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/depression.cfm Depression Alliance -www.depressionalliance.org Depressionet - www.depressionet.com.au ABOUT - www.depression.about.com Psychology Information Online - www.psychologyinfo.com Depression and Bi-polar Support Alliance – www.dbsalliance.org Kids Health - www.kidshealth.org Survey – Depression, April 18, 2005 Interview – unnamed 2005, sufferer of depression [interview] June 23 Interview – unnamed 2005, sufferer of depression [interview] June 23 Interview – Kids Help Line Counsellor [interview] June 23 NOTE: NEED TO ADD CONCLUSIONS OF EACH OF YOUR QUESTIONS AND THE IMPLICATIONS PLUS SURVEY AND INTERVIEW QUESTIONS