Download Name Ancient Greece 6.1 1. peninsula A body of land surrounded

Name _____________________________
Ancient Greece
6.1
1. peninsula
2. epic
3. acropolis
4. city-state
5. aristocrat
6. tyrant
A body of land surrounded by water on three sides
An extended narrative poem that celebrates the feats of a
legendary or traditional hero
A fortified height of an ancient Greek city- “high city” where
Greeks built villages to protect themselves from attacks, the
center of religious life in Athens
A sovereign state consisting of an independent city and its
surrounding territory
Members of rich and powerful families- by the end of the Dark
ages they ruled most city-states and controlled most of the
good land
A ruler who seized power by force, usually supported by the
middle and working class, overthrew the aristocrats when
merchants and artisans became more powerful through foreign
trade
A type of government where citizens govern themselves
7. democracy
8. Homer
9. Solon
10. Troy
6.2
12. tribute
A Greek poet who is credited for writing the epics the Iliad and
the Odyssey.
A wise Athenian leader who won the power to reform the laws
of the economy and the government (cancelled all debts and
freed citizens enslaved because of debt, allowed any male
citizen 18+ to debate laws_
A wealthy city in Asia Minor, the site of the battle with the
Trojan Horse between Troy and Greece and was captured and
destroyed by Greek forces c. 1200 B.C. The ruins of Troy were
discovered by Heinrich Schliemann in 1871
A payment, usually in return for protection
The ability to live forever
13. immortal
14. philosopher
People who thought about ways besides myths to understand
the world, a person who seeks reason and truth
15. tragedy
A serious story that usually ends in disaster for the main
character. One of the most famous styles of Greek plays.
16. Pericles
6.3
17. agora
18. Athens
One of the most powerful men of Athenian politics, a member
of an aristocratic family who supported democracy, * started
the salary for government officialspoor citizens could afford
to hold public office, beautified Athens (rebuilt Acropolis)
Public markets and meeting places that serves as the center of
public life in ancient Greece
The source of many of the West's intellectual and artistic
conceptions, including that of democracy, Athens is generally
considered the birthplace of Western civilization.
19. Parthenon
Earthly home to goddess Athena, made of marble, surrounded
by columns on all 4 sides, originally held a statue of Athena
made of wood, ivory and gold
20. Socrates
A foot soldier in the Peloponnesian War, then a famous
philosopher and educator, developed the “Socratic Method”
(justice & courage) teach by questioning, put to death @ 70
for heresy, most famous pupil was Plato
A widespread disease, killed 1/3 of Athenians early in the war
against Sparta, including Pericles
6.4
17. plague
18. blockade
19. Sparta
20. Persia
To block from goods entering an area (war strategy). The
Spartans staged a blockade in 405 BCE during the war with
Athens by blocking the port where they received food
shipments causing Athenians to starve and eventually surrender
less than 1 year later
A city-state in southern Greece, life there was harsh and cruel,
had a strong army, Motto- Always put the city’s needs above
your own
A vast empire of SW Asia founded by Cyrus II after 546 B.C.,
brought to the height of its power and glory by Darius I and his
son Xerxes. It eventually extended from the Indus River valley
in present-day Pakistan to the Mediterranean Sea before
Alexander the Great conquered it between 333 and 331 B.C.
21. Marathon
6.5
22. barbarian
The location of the Greeks battle and defeat of the Persians.
The fastest runner in Athens ran to send the message (26.2 mi)
and died at the end, beginning the celebration of Marathon
Wild uncivilized peopleWhat Greeks called the Macedonians
Murder
23. assassinate
24. Hellenistic
25. King Philip
From the Greek word Hellas- the name the Greeks gave their
land (separated into different kingdoms), postclassical Greek
history and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the
accession of Augustus.
The King who united Macedonia and built an army even
stronger than Sparta’s, was the first to control all of Greece,
assassinated before he was able to attack Persia and Alexander
took over
The land north of Greece, considered barbaric by Greeks
26. Macedonia
27. Alexandria
28. Euclid
29. Archimedes
Son of King Philip, took over as king at 20 when Philip was
assassinated, conquered practically all of the known world
(Persia, Egypt and land beyond the Indus River to Babylon) in
13 years, conquered numerous cities and named them after
himself
A mathematician who developed geometry around 300 BCE
(wrote proofs to explain figures like squares, cubes, angles,
triangles, and cones) his system is still used today
One of the greatest scientist of the times who discovered that
people could use pulleys and levers to lift very heavy objects
Other
30. empire
A political unit with extensive territory ruled by a single or
supreme authority
31. equal rights
the criteria for choosing citizens for office in ancient Greece
was merit and efficiency and not wealth
32. Civic participation
and voting rights
The idea that people have a say in their government Only freed
males in Greece had this right
Fundamental laws of a government (USA)
33. constitution writing
34. rule of law
35. myth
No one can suffer criminal punishment without following strict
lines of legal procedures, requires the government to exercise
its power in accordance with well-established and clearly
written rules, regulations, and legal principles.
A traditional, typically ancient story dealing with supernatural
beings, ancestors, or heroes that explains aspects of the natural
world or customs, or ideals of society
A succession of rulers from the same family line
36. dynasty
A political unit ruled by a king or queen
37. kingdom
38. legislative bodies
Legislative bodies include the U.S. Congress, state legislative
assemblies, and local commissions and boards. They are
responsible for proposing, selecting, and amending the laws
that govern all Americans. They have the authority to levy
taxes, regulate commerce, borrow money, and exercise a
number of additional powers.
Questions
1. Describe the influence that ancient Greece had on the Mediterranean world.
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2. What advantages did the geographic location of ancient Greece provide?
The mountains provided protection from invaders, their close proximity to water (a peninsula made up of
peninsulas) allowed them to become a major force in maritime trade, fishing trading and different
specializations became the way to earn a living, and they had easy access to waterways that led to many
different areas allowing them to gain colonies,
3. Summarize the democratic political concepts developed in ancient Greece.
It was the beginning of democracy
A. the polis (city-state) independent, male dominate communities bound together by race, citizenship was
Hereditary, 5040 citezens max, everyone must know each other’s personal qualities
in order to judge officials
B. civic participation & voting rights  only to freed men 18+ intimately involved in debating politics, a
citizen who did not fulfill his duties was socially disruptive
C. legislative bodies The Council of 500 pple held a 1 yr term and spend time scrutinizing the
qualifications of public officials, and the allocation of funds. This was a full time job
and officials received a fee. The assembly (all other citizens) debated religion,
foreign and secular affairs
E. rule of law citizens sat on juries to judge each others crimes
4. Compare and contrast life in Athens and Sparta.
Life in Athens
Both
Life in Sparta
Military society; part
Society based on citizenship;
Shared Greek language,
direct democracy; 4 social culture; fought Persia; slave monarchy/oligarchy/democracy;
3 social classes; educated to be
classes; education to be a
labor, 2 governing bodies
soldiers; women had much
good citizen; women were
freedom
housewives and mothers
5. Compare and Contrast the ancient Athenian government and our modern government
today.
Athenian Government
Both
Our Government
-Direct democracy
-Political power is held by all -Representative democracy
-Citizenship: male; 18 yrs,
citizens
-Citizenship: born in US or
born of citizen parents
-Government has 3 branches completed citizenship process
-Assembly of all citizens votes -Law making branch passes
-Representatives are elected
on laws
laws
to law-making body
-Leader is selected randomly -Executive branch carries out -Leader is elected
or elected
laws
-Executive branch has elected
-Council of 500 prepares
-Judicial branch holds trials
and appointed officials
business for the assembly
-Juries usually have 12 jurors
-As many as 500 jurors could
serve
6. Explain the role of women in ancient Greece and justify the position that the Greeks took
about women’s roles.
Spartan women were expected to be tough, emotionally and physically (b.c. life was focused around battle)
Education for women in Sparta focused on making them strong, they had athletic training and learned to
defend themselves (running and wrestling). Husbands and wives spent most of their lives apart (men in
barracks) therefore women had more freedom. They were allowed to own property, a wife was expected to
watch over her husbands property if he was at war.
Athenian women were expected to be good wives and mothers their roles were respected b.c. they helped to
keep the family and society strong. Some women fulfilled important religious roles as priestesses in
temples, they did not have as much freedom as Spartan women (the men were not away). Women could
only inherit property if their father had no sons, they did not attend school, they learned household duties
from their mothers, a few learned to read and write.
7. Assess the role of slaves in ancient Greece. Elaborate on the impact they had on the life
style of ancient Athenians.
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There were many different ways to become a slave in ancient Greece (born into slavery from slave
parents, abandoned by parents, sold into slavery-usually girls, kidnapped, or POW’s.
There were more slaves than citizens, slaves were not so different from poor people (depending on
the type)
Different types of slaves- household slaves- (usually women) monitored by the wealthy women, in
charge of household duties (less difficult) 10-12 slaves per house
The life of a mineworker or ship's crewmember was a life of misery and danger. These people
usually did not live long because of the grueling work and dangerous conditions of their work
(usually people who committed crimes).
They could not use their own names, but were assigned names by their master.
They could not enter the Gymnasium or the Public Assembly.
Surprising most of the police force and clerks at the treasury office were slaves
Slavery was VITAL to the success of Greece because they ran every day matters as well as
expansion so that the Greeks could concentrate on advancing their own city-state (affected all of life,
from domestic living to the infamous Athenian naval fleet
8. Describe the connection between the Persian Wars and the origin of marathons.
After the Greeks won the battle at Marathon they sent a messenger about 25 miles to Athens to send the
message that they Athenians beat the Persians. He dropped dead upon arrival.
9. Analyze the causes, course, and consequences of the Persian Wars.
Causes
1. Anatolia, a region of Greek
colonies was invaded by Persia
2. In 499 some Greeks in Anatolia
revolted against the Persians
3. Athens sent ships and soldiers
to help
4. The revolt failed, but now
Persia was angry with Athens
5. The Persians land in Marathon
preparing to attack Athens, Sparta
was asked to help but they came
too late
Course (what occurred during the war)
A The Battle of Marathon
1. Athens was greatly outnumbered
2. Devised a clever plan
3. 1st they drew the Persians toward the center of the Greek line,
next the Greeks surrounded them and attacked, in close fighting
Greek spears were more effective than Persian arrows.
4. Persia lost 6,400 men & the Greeks lost 192 men
B The Battle of Thermopylae
1. The Spartans came to the defense of Athens.
2. They made a barricade of 300 soldiers, all of them were killed
after 2 days
3. This gave the Athenians time to prepare
4. Athens won the naval battle after destroying 300 Persian ships
Consequences (effects of
the war)
1. A solder ran from
marathon to Athens (about
25 mi) to report of their
victory. When he reached
he collapsed and died 
modern marathon
2. Beating Persia allowed
Greek democracy and
culture to continue, this
culture greatly influenced
later world civilizations.
10.Analyze the reasons for the Peloponnesian Wars. Include the causes, course, and
consequences of these wars.
Causes
Course (what occurred during the war)
Consequences (effects of the war)
11. Identify and explain the relationship between Alexander the Great and the spread of the
Greek culture. (His role in the cultural diffusion of the Greeks)
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12.What factors led to the rise and success of Alexander the Great?
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13.Choose a myth of classical Greece. Explain the significance of the myth and summarize its
content.
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14.List five examples of ancient Greek gods, goddesses, heroes, and events and how they are
present/represented in our modern life today.
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15. Infer the reasons why the city-states of Greece instituted a tradition of athletic
competitions.
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16.Outline the kinds of sports that were featured in the Greek athletic competitions.
Wrestling, running, jumping, javelin, discus throwing, and events using horses
17.Compare the Greek alphabet to alphabets developed earlier in history. What kinds of
improvements did the Greeks make?
The Greeks adapted the Phoenician alphabet and improved it by adding vowels. The shapes of the letters
also changed and are more similar to today’s English alphabet
18.Describe the purposes and functions of the:
Lyceum
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Gymnasium
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Library of Alexandria
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19. Explain the importance of the following Greek buildings and/or complexes.
Parthenon
Pericles commissioned the building of the Parthenon in the acropolis at Athens. This was a temple of
Athena (god of Athens) and was considered her earthly home. There were many statues honoring her
inside, but many were taken and are now in museums in Great Britain. This is a prime example of Greek
architecture (golden rectangle, columns, and lifelike sculptures)
The Acropolis
This is the Greek work meaning “high city” it was a fortified city to keep out invaders. This was the central
meeting place for all Greeks. This allowed Athenians to meet and discuss politics and philosophy.
Temple of Apollo
Greeks would go to the Temple of Apollo to consult the oracle regarding plans of expansion or how to solve
certain problems. The oracle would receive messages from the god Apollo and then tell the Greek the
message. The oracle would often speak in an undecipherable way, so they priests would interpret. This
allowed the priests at Delphi (the location of the temple) to know everything going on in the Greek Empire.
20. Explain the major accomplishments of the ancient Greeks.
700 BCE –
640 BCE
Homer From
Asia Minor
A poet who recited his long story poems or epics. Known for
writing the Iliad (about the war between the Greeks and the
Trojans) and the Odyssey (the adventures of the Greek hero
Odysseus). It is believed that he was blind.
636 BCE546 BCE
Thales from
Miletus
Greek philosopher who is considered the first Western
philosopher and a founder of geometry and abstract astronomy
(predicted an eclipse in 582 BCE). He argued that all matter was
fundamentally made up of water. He was the first to use science
to explain the workings of nature rather than myths.
580 BCE500 BCE
Pythagoras
from Samos
A philosopher, mathematician and teacher. Developed many
theories of geometry. Pythagorean Theorem (a2 + b2 = c2)
Founded a community of followers in S Italy, used math to
explain nature, taught his students from behind a curtain
525 BCE455 BCE
Aeschylus
from Athens
The founder of Greek tragedy. He wrote roughly 60 plays. Only
7 of them survived (The Persians, Seven Against Thebes) He is
considered the first Greek dramatist to use more than one actor,
de-emphasize the chorus and use elaborate props and costumes
for dramatic effect. Despite his success as a playwright, in his
later years he fell out of favor with Athenians and died in exile
in Sicily.
497 BCE –
405 BCE
Sophocles
from Athens
An Athenian playwright who wrote over 100 works for the
theatre. Only 7 of his tragedies survived (Oedipus the King). He
held important posts as a treasurer, commander, and adviser. He
competed in dramatic festivals, where he defeated Aeschylus to
win his first victory in 468 BC.
484 BCE420 BCE
Herodotus
from Asia
Minor
A writer, the father of history, the first to approach the reporting
of history in a logical and skeptical way; he separated true
events from myth and identified his sources. The Histories,
remains a widely-read account of the Persian invasion of ancient
Greece. (It's the main source for details on the famous battles at
Marathon and Thermopylae.)
480 BCE406 BCE
Euripides from
Athens
Greek dramatist (playwrite) who ranks with Sophocles and
Aeschylus as the greatest classical tragedians. He wrote more
than 90 tragedies, although only 18, including Medea,
Hippolytus, and The Trojan Women, survive in complete form.
470 BCE399 BCE
Socrates from
Athens
An Athenian philosopher who taught his students by questions
(Socratic Method) and encouraged them to discuss weaknesses
in the government and people’s beliefs. At age 70 he was
charged with heresy and corruption of local youth. Convicted,
he carried out the death sentence by drinking hemlock,
becoming one of history's earliest martyrs of conscience.
Socrates’ most famous pupil was Plato, who in turn instructed
the philosopher Aristotle.
460 BCE-
Hippocrates
A doctor, teacher and writer, considered the father of medicine
360 BCE
from Cos
rejected superstition in favor of scientific observation, classified
diseases, and created a set of moral and professional standards
for physicians, created the Hippocratic Oath, a code of ethics for
physicians which is still taken by graduates at many modern
medical schools.
454 BCE400 BCE
Thucydides
from Athens
Greatest of ancient Greek historians who commanded a fleet in
the Peloponnesian War, He failed to prevent the capture of the
important city of Amphipolis and consequently was exiled for
20 years. During that period he wrote his History of the
Peloponnesian War; but he did not live to complete it.
448 BCE380 BCE
Aristophanes
from Aegina
A playwright who wrote comedies making fun of the political
situations of his day (satires). He wrote 54 comedies, but only
11 survive today. The Clouds, The Wasps, The Frogs.
429 BCE347 BCE
Plato from
Athens
A philosopher who’s ideas for running a state are still seen
today. A follower of Socrates. Founded the Academy in his
native Athens in 387 B.C.; it became a famous hotbed of
philosophical and scientific discussion, the first known
university in the world. Also wrote The Republic, in which Plato
lays out his ideas on the perfect state, a utopian society run by
philosopher-kings.
384 BCE322 BCE
Aristotle from
Stagira
A philosopher, scientist and writer. One of the "big three" in
ancient Greek philosophy, along with Plato and Socrates.
(Socrates taught Plato, who in turn instructed Aristotle.) He
spent nearly 20 years at Plato's Academy, first as a student and
then as a teacher. After Plato's death he traveled and educated
Alexander the Great. Later Aristotle began his own school in
Athens, known as the Lyceum. He is known for his carefully
detailed observations about nature and the physical world, which
laid the groundwork for the modern study of biology.
356 BCE323 BCE
Alexander the
Great from
Macedonia
King of Macedonia (336–323) and conquerer of Asia Minor,
Syria, Egypt, Babylonia, and Persia. His reign marked the
beginning of the Hellenistic Age. Began his military expansion
at 18 and died suddenly at 33. He was the closest in conquering
the world.
325 BCE265 BCE
Euclid from
Alexandria
He taught geometry in Hellenistic Egypt, at Alexandria during
the reign of Ptolemy I, between 305 and 285 B.C. He is credited
with the thirteen volumes of Elements, a work of mathematical
knowledge organizing it into system of proofs. Euclidean
geometry was the geometry until the 19th century, when
mathematicians began to challenge Euclid's assumptions about
parallel lines when considering measurements over very large
distances of, say, billions of light years.