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Transcript
SCIENCE NOTES - LANDFORMS LESSON 1 What Makes the Crust Move? - Earthquakes are related to cracks in the crust called faults. - A seismograph records the motion of an earthquake. - Most of the time the crust layer is moving very slowly. - Plate Tectonics – When the crust breaks into pieces from the movement of the hot mantle, it creates plates. What Forces Act on the Crust? - Tension stretches or pulls apart the crust. - Compression squeezes or pulls together the crust. - Shear twists or tears the crust. - Mountains made up of crumbled or folded up layers are called fold mountains. - Mountains created by movement along a fault are called fault-block mountains. What Other Forces Shape Earth’s Surface? - Weathering is the breaking down of the materials of the Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. - Erosion is the picking up and carrying away of the pieces. - The greatest cause of erosion is water from rainfall (precipitation). - Physical Weathering – This is when the crust is exposed to water, air, and temperature changes. - Chemical Weathering – This is when chemicals in the air or rain react to cause changes. How Can Wind and Ice Erode Rock? - Wind can push things along with it, but not as hard as water. - Ice from a glacier can tear and erode the ground below it while it moves. Where do Eroded Rocks Go? - When whatever is causing the erosion stops moving, it stops carrying the bits of rock. - Deposition is the dropping off of the eroded rocks. - This causes rocks to build up at the end of rivers and shorelines. What Forces Shape the Moon’s Surface? - No earthquakes or volcanoes and no air or water to cause erosion. - Weathering and erosion only occur from meteorites hitting the surface.