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Date: _______________ period: ______
Study Guide: Chapter 12
DNA and RNA
1. Who were Griffith, Avery, Franklin, Watson and Crick? How did they contribute to what we
know about DNA today?
2. What were Griffith’s experiments and what did he prove?
3. Compare and contrast the DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
4. What is the structure of DNA called? What does it look like?
5. What are the nucleic acids? What binds them together in a DNA molecule?
6. How are chromosomes assembled? What are histones? nucleosomes? chromatin?
7. Where and how does DNA replication take place? What enzyme is involved? What is the
result, how many and what type of strands of DNA result?
8. What is the Base Pair Rule for DNA?
9. If a strand of DNA has the bases ATGCCTTC, what would be the complimentary strand?
10. What are the three types of RNA and what are their roles in protein synthesis? Where are
each of these RNAs located? What is the structure of each of these? Which one is
considered the “blueprint”?
11. What is the Base Pair Rule for RNA?
12. If a strand of DNA has the bases ATGCCTTC, what would be the complimentary mRNA
strand?
13. What is a codon? What is an anticodon?
14. Describe transcription. (Remember it is like you are transcribing or “copying” something.)
What enzyme is involved?
15. What is a promoter?
16. Describe translation. (Remember it is like you are translating something into another
language.)
17. What does every protein start with? What does every protein end with?
18. The sequence of DNA determines the sequence of ____________?
19. What is a mutation, chromosomal mutation, translocation, point mutation, insertion, deletion,
substitution, and inversion?
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Date: ____________ period: _____
DNA and RNA Crossword
Across
1. sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
4. mutation that shifts the “reading” frame of the genetic message by inserting or
deleting a nucleotide
10. enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a
12. enzyme similar to DNA polymerase hat binds to DNA and separates the DNA
strands during transcription
15. sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein
16. process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
19. change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information
20. principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and
between guanine and cytosine
22. when one strain of bacteria had apparently been changed permanently into another
24. type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
25. three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
Down
2. monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base
3. group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA
codon
5. process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a
complementary sequence in RNA
6. copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA
7. protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
8. deoxyribonucleic acid
9. consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins called histones
11. RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids
into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
13. decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
14. gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides
17. type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein
synthesis
18. a virus that infects bacteria, also known as “bacteria eater”
21. expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
23. region of the DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA