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Download Biology Chapter 2 Organic Molecules Students 9-25
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Transcript
Organic Molecules Carbon is very important to organic molecules. Look at the molecules below. In how many places can carbon bond? What about Hydrogen? Oxygen? Some molecules are very willing to interact with water. Based on what you know about a water molecule, what characteristic do these water-loving molecules have in common? What is another name for water-loving? (Hint: the prefix for water + the ending -philic) Some molecules aren’t very willing to interact with water. Based on what you know about a water molecule, what characteristic do these water-fearing molecules have in common? What is another name for water-fearing? (Hint: the prefix for water + an ending that means persistent fear) Monomers and Polymers What does the prefix Mono- mean? ___________________ Poly-? _______________ Look at the pictures below. Based on your knowledge, circle the pictures that represent monomers. Draw boxes around the polymers. What is the relationship between monomer and polymers? Building and Breaking Polymers 1. Is the product of the above reaction more or less complex than the reactants? 1. Is the product of the above reaction more or less complex than the reactants? 2. What molecule is released/produced while forming the products? 2. What molecule is used to break the reactant producing the products? 3. Why do you think this reaction is called a dehydration synthesis reaction? 3. Why do you think this reaction is called hydrolysis? Macromolecules Carbohydrates 1. Look at the monosaccharides (single sugars) below. How many different elements do they contain? What are they? 2. How would you describe the general shape of these monosaccharides? 3. Look at the polysaccharides below. What monosaccharide is used to build all of these big sugars? 4. What atom is between each monosaccharide in the polysaccharides? 5. What reaction links two monsaccharides together? What molecule is released as a waste product? Lipids 1. Look at the 2 different fatty acids below. What is the main difference between them? 2. How does the difference affect their shape? 3. Look at the molecule of Fat below. How many fatty acid molecules make up this fat and of what type(s)? 4. Look at the molecule of Oil below. How many fatty acid molecules make up this oil and of what type(s)? 5. What is the main difference between fats and oils? Proteins Look at the three amino acids below. Each one has a “central” carbon. Besides this central carbon, what else is shared by all three amino acids? 1. Look at the picture below. How many levels are there to protein structure? 2. What is the first level of protein structure? 3. What type of bond allows the secondary structure to fold into an alpha helix or pleated sheet? 4. What does the 4th level of protein structure consist of? Enzymes Look at the two graphs. Each contains two lines, one with an enzyme and one without an enzyme. Do the reactants or products change depending on whether the reaction includes an enzyme or not? How do you know? What is different about the reaction when an enzyme is involved? What letter from the graph at the left corresponds to the energy released from the reaction with or without an enzyme? Nucleic Acids 1. Is DNA single stranded or double stranded? 2. Is RNA single stranded or double stranded? 3. What is the monomer used to build Nucleic Acids? 4. How many parts are needed to build a nucleotide? What are the parts? 5. What is different about the sugar found in DNA and RNA? 6. What four bases (letters) are found in DNA? 7. What four bases (letters) are found in RNA? 8. What letters pair together in DNA? 9. What two parts of a nucleotide make up the “backbone” of DNA and RNA? 10. What holds the two strands of DNA to each other?