* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Microbiology/Cells/Nutrition Vocabulary 1 Abiotic
Embryonic stem cell wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Artificial cell wikipedia , lookup
Somatic cell nuclear transfer wikipedia , lookup
Chimera (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Neuronal lineage marker wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Polyclonal B cell response wikipedia , lookup
Adoptive cell transfer wikipedia , lookup
Microbial cooperation wikipedia , lookup
Precambrian body plans wikipedia , lookup
Dictyostelium discoideum wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cell (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Acquired characteristic wikipedia , lookup
Cell theory wikipedia , lookup
Microbiology/Cells/Nutrition Vocabulary 1 1. Abiotic- nonliving part of the ecosystem. 2. Amoeba- animal like protest using a pseudopod as movement. 3. Analogous Structure- body parts of different organism that preform similar functions, but have different structures. 4. Antibiotic- a drug that kills bacteria or slows their growth. 5. Asexual Reproduction- a process of reproduction that involves only one parent, and produces offspring identical to the parent. 6. Asthma- chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. 7. Autotroph- an organism that creates its own food; a producer. 8. Bacteria- one-celled prokaryotes, some of which cause disease. 9. Binary Fission- a form of asexual reproduction, 10. Biotechnology- the manipulation of living things to make useful products. 11. Biotic- living part of an ecosystem. 12. Cancer- uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. 13. Carcinogen- substance that causes cancer. 14. Cell Membrane- the thin, flexible outer covering of a cell that controls what enters and leaves. 15. Cell Theory- cells are the basic unit of structure and functions in all living things. 16. Cell Wall- the ridged structure that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells, and the cells of some other organisms. 17. Cellular Respiration- the process by which cells break down sugar to release stored energy. 18. Chlorophyll- makes plants green. 19. Chloroplast- organelle in plant cells that captures energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy through photosynthesis. 20. Chromosomes- a structure in the nucleolus of a cell that contains the cells genetic material. 21. Cilia- hair-like projects that help aid in movement 22. Circulatory System- human body system that carries oxygen and food to cells and carries carbon dioxide and waste away from the cells. 23. Commensalism- a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unharmed. Microbiology/Cells/Nutrition Vocabulary 2 24. Communicable- when an infectious disease can be passed from person to person by direct contact or with an affected person indirectly (sneezing, coughing, etc.) 25. Cytoplasm- the fluid that fills most of the space in a cell 26. Diabetes- due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the body not responding to proper insulin. 27. Digestive system- human body system that takes food in and breaks it down into smaller molecules that can be used by cells. 28. Disease- an abnormal condition that affects the body of an organism 29. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid, a large molecule containing the genetic information that determines an organisms traits 30. Dose- the amount of medicine prescribed 31. Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth or rough)- the passageways through the cell 32. Epidemic- an outbreak of a disease that affects many people of an area. 33. Epidemiology- study of how disease spreads and can be controlled 34. Ethical- the rules of conduct or morals 35. Euglena- protist that uses a flagella to move and can be classified as either plant-like or animal-like 36. Eukaryotic- organism that has a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles. 37. Exposure- coming into contact with germs 38. Flagella- whip like tail 39. Fungus- a one-celled or many-celled organism such as a mushroom, mold, or yeast 40. Gene- a tiny part of a chromosome that helps determine a particular trait 41. Genetic modification- a technology that changes the genetic material of a living organism 42. Golgi body- packages and transports materials through the cell 43. Heterotroph- an organism that doesn’t make its own food and gets energy from other organisms 44. Homologous structure- body parts of different organisms that have a similar structure but different function 45. Individual susceptibility- personal sensitivity toward something 46. Infectious- a disease that can be passed from one organism from another 47. Insecticide- substance used to kill insects Microbiology/Cells/Nutrition Vocabulary 3 48. Lysosomes- removes waste from the cell 49. Meiosis- the form of cell division that produces gametes 50. Microbiology- the study of microscopic organisms 51. Mitochondria- organelle that releases energy from glucose; power house of the cell 52. Mitosis- a process during which the nucleus of a cell divides to form 2 nuclei just like the nucleus of the parent 53. Multicellular- an organism that consist of multiple cells 54. Mutagen- substance that can cause a mutation in an organism’s genetic code 55. Mutualism- a symbiotic relationship between 2 organisms in which both organisms benefit 56. Nervous system- the human body system that gathers and responds to information about the surrounding environment 57. Non-communicable- disease not passed from person to person 58. Noninfectious- not passed from organism to organism 59. Nucleus- the center of a cell that contains its genetic material and controls many functions 60. Organ- a collection of tissue joined in a structural unit to serve a common function 61. Organ systems- group of organs that work together to preform one or more structures 62. Organelle- a structure inside a cell that preforms a specific function 63. Pandemic- an epidemic that spreads over a large area, or through out the world 64. Paramecium- protist that moves using cilia; animal like 65. Parasite- an organism that lives in or on another organism and benefits while the others organs expense 66. Parasitism- a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed 67. Pathogen- a micro-organism that causes disease 68. Pesticide- substance used to prevent, repel, or destroy pests 69. Photosynthesis- the process by which the cells of plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight to make their own food 70. Potent- the strength of a medication 71. Predation- a relationship on which one animal hunts/kills and the other is eaten Microbiology/Cells/Nutrition Vocabulary 4 72. Prokaryotic- an organism whose cells lack a nucleus & organelles enclosed by a cell membrane 73. Protists- classified on movement; euglena, paramecium, Volvox, amoeba, slime mold 74. Pseudopod- false foot 75. Quarantine- removing the affected individual and isolating them to prevent the spread of disease 76. Respiratory system- takes in oxygen from air and passes it to the airway system, and releases carbon dioxide & water vapor into the air 77. Ribosomes- organelle that makes protein 78. Slime mold- creeping jelly; fungus like 79. Tissue- a group of biological cells that preform a specific function 80. Toxin- harmful to the body 81. Unicellular- organism that consists of only one cell 82. Vaccination- a weakened or dead form of a pathogen that causes an organism to develop immunity against the pathogen 83. Vacuoles- a cell organelle that stores water salts, proteins, and carbohydrates 84. Vector- an organism that transmits diseases 85. Vestigial structure- a body part that does not seem to have a function in an organism 86. Virus- a pathogen that consists of a microscopic core of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat 87. Volvox- multicellular protists that are plant-like 88. Immunity: The body’s ability to destroy pathogens before they cause disease 89. Insulin:A chemical produce in the pancreas that enables the body’s cells to take in glucose from the blood and use it for energy 90. Antibody: A chemical produced by a B cell of the immune system that destroys pathogens 91. Antigen: A molecule that the immune system recognizes either as part of the body or as coming from outside the body 92. Vaccine: A substance introduced into the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific viruses, bacteria, or other disease-causing organisms.