* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Document
Embryonic stem cell wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Artificial cell wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of life wikipedia , lookup
Somatic cell nuclear transfer wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Dictyostelium discoideum wikipedia , lookup
Adoptive cell transfer wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Precambrian body plans wikipedia , lookup
Microbial cooperation wikipedia , lookup
Symbiogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
State switching wikipedia , lookup
Cell (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Microscopes, Domains and Kingdoms 1. Identify the parts of the A. Base (7) microscope. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. Fine Adjustment (10) L. Objective Lens (3) Arm (11) Stage (4) Ocular (8) Body Tube (1) Revolving Nosepiece (2) Disc Diaphragm (5) Substage Lamp (6) Stage Clips (12) Coarse Adjustment (9) 2. How do you find total magnification? Multiply the ocular lens times the objective lens. 3. What is the total magnification when using the scanning lens (4x) and the objective lens (10x)? 40x 4. What is the total magnification when using the objective lens (10x) and the low power objective (10x)? 100x Cells 1. Cell theory - all organisms are made up of one or more cells, cell is the basic unit of life, all cells come from other cells 2. Cell membrane - “gateway” outer covering of cell 3. cell wall - “skeleton” tough outer covering of a PLANT CELL ONLY 4. chloroplast - “food factory” PLANT CELL ONLY, green; contains chlorophyll; energy processing organelle 5. vacuole - “storage warehouse” for water and wastes. Plants have one. Animals have several. 6. nucleus - “brain” tells cell what to do, contains genetic material: DNA 7. cytoplasm - “atmosphere” gelatin-like, inside the cell 8. mitochondria - “power house” (plant and animal cell) energy for the cell 9. nuclear membrane - “filter” semi-permeable membrane surrounding the nucleus 10. ribosome - “protein factory” makes protein 11. endoplasmic reticulum - “highway” transports nutrients and information 12. golgi body - “postal service” stores and transports proteins 13. semi permeable membrane - allows some materials in and out of cell 14. What are the main differences between plant cells and animal cells? Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts. Animal cells do not. 15. Put these words in order from least complex to most complex: Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism 16. What chemical catches the sun’s energy? Chlorophyll. This is found in the chloroplast. 17. What is the product of cellular respiration? Carbon dioxide, water, energy 18. Where is genetic material located? Nucleus (also found in the mitochondria) 19. Which is a plant cell? An animal cell? Plant Cell Animal Cell 20. Cells make up tissue, which makes up organs, which makes up organ systems, which make up an organism. Use these words: organ systems, tissue, cells, organs, organism 21. What is an organ system? A group of organs working together. Give an example: Digestive system – stomach, small intestine, large intestine Circulatory System – heart, lungs, blood vessels (veins, arteries, capillaries) 22. What is the job of a membrane? To allow some materials to go into and out of the cell. 23. What did Robert Hooke discover? cells 24. How do you find the magnification power of a microscope? multiply Example: The ocular lens is 20x and the scanning objective is 10x. Total Magnification: 200x Genetics: 1. How many chromosomes to sex cells contain? __23__ 2. How many chromosomes do other cells in your body contain? __46__ 3. A child receives a trait not found in the parents. Explain how this is possible. Each parent has the recessive trait (Heterozygous) 4. fertilization – joining of the sperm and egg in sexual reproduction 5. fission – cells that do not have a nucleus copy genetic material and then divide into two identical organisms. Asexual reproduction. 6. Using the pictures to the right, determine which is a male. Figure A Which is a female? Figure B Fig. A Fig. B Fig. A Fig. B 7. genotype - an organisms genetic makeup 8. phenotype - outward physical appearance of an organism 9. homozygous - describes an organism that has the same dominant trait (two alleles are the same) 10. heterozygous - describes an organism that has a dominant and a recessive trait (two alleles are different) 11. dominant trait - masks or covers other traits 12. recessive trait - a trait that can be hidden 13. Give an example of fission. One-celled organism; a prokaryote. Fission Budding Regeneration 14. One parent is heterozygous for brown eyes, and one parent is homozygous for brown eyes. Draw a Punnett Square, and then answer the questions. B b B BB Bb B Bb BB a. What % chance does the offspring have for being homozygous for brown eyes? (BB) 50% b. What % chance does the offspring have for being heterozygous for brown eyes? (Bb) 50% c. What % chance does the offspring have for having blue eyes? (bb) 0% Cell Types 5. What is the main difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote? A prokaryote is a single-celled organism that is less complex. A eukaryote is more complex because it has membrane-bound organelles, ex: has a nucleus 6. What does unicellular mean? One-celled 7. What does multicellular mean? Many-celled 8. What is an autotroph? Give an example. Autotrophs make their own food. Ex: Plants (producers). 9. What is a heterotroph? Give an example. Heterotrophs go get their food. Ex: Animals (consumers) 10. Create a tree map below with the following words: Eukarya, Animals, Archaea, Archaebacteria, Bacteria, Eubacteria, Protist, Fungi, Plants Archaea Archaebacteria Bacteria Eubacteria Eukarya Animal Plant Fungi Protist 11. What is the main characteristic of Domain Archaea? Includes only the Archaebacteria kingdom. One celled prokaryote. Lives in extreme environments. 12. What is the main characteristic of Domain Bacteria? Includes only the Eubacteria kingdom. One celled prokaryote. A prokaryote has no membrane bound nucleus 13. What is the main characteristic of Eukarya? Includes Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals. Complex. All organisms have a nucleus. 14. Complete the Venn Diagram: Prokaryote One-celled No nucleus Very simple organism Has DNA Living One-celled and multi-cellular Needs energy Has nucleus and membrane bound organelles Can reproduce More complex Eukaryote 15. How do scientists classify organisms into each domain? What is the main characteristic? First, scientists determine if the living organism is a prokaryote or eukaryote. (look for a nucleus) 16. Fill in the table: Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Type of Cell (Prokaryote or Eukaryote) Prokaryote Prokaryote Eukaryote Domain Archaea, Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular (one cell) organisms. Found in extreme climates, such as hot boiling water, or highly acidic environments. The hot springs of Yellowstone National Park was were some of the first archaebacterias were found. Domain Bacteria, Kingdom Eubacteria Unicellular (one cell) organisms. Some eubacteria can be helpful to humans and some can be harmful. 17. Define the ways in which organisms get their energy or food, and give an example of each. A. Autotroph – makes its own food, such as in photosynthesis. A plant. B. Heterotroph – must go find food, such as an animal. C. Decomposer – breaks down dead organic matter. A fungus, like a mushroom. 18. There are four kingdoms under the domain Eukarya. Fill in the table with the information. Eukarya - a domain of organisms having cells each with a distinct nucleus within which the genetic material is contained. Kingdom How does the organism Unicellular/ get its food? Multicellular/ Both Animalia Heterotroph Multicellular Plantae Autotroph Multicellular Protista Can be autotrophs or heterotrophs. Examples of protists would be slime molds and algae. Most protists are unicellular. Fungi Biologists once confused plants with fungi, but fungi cannot make their own foodthey are not autotrophs. They eat decomposing organisms, so they are considered to be decomposers. Ex: mushrooms, mold, mildew. Most are multicellular. 19. True or False? ___T_ All living things are made up of cells. ___F_ All things are made up of cells. ___T_ A cell can grow and develop. ___T_ All living things can reproduce. ___F_ Not every living thing needs energy. ___T__ All living things need energy. ___T_ Cells only come from other cells. ____F A cell can be created from elements.