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Educ 5633 Dr. Sharon Murray Oct.31, 2008 Ryan Lawrence Ancient Rome Resource Pack Introduction This resource pack is intended to be used to help supplement the instructional materials of teachers of grade 10 Ancient and Medieval History, Unit IV: The Grandeur That Was Rome. Included in the pack are links to primary and secondary sources, maps and images to facilitate the instructor’s presentation to students of this rich and fascinating era. Also included are links to two webquests on Ancient Rome. The pack will concentrate on the mythical founding of Rome, the expulsion of the Kings, the rise of the Roman Republic and the values it held, its territorial expansion and a detailed examination of the Punic Wars. Also offered are links to materials regarding military innovations, the call for reform by the Gracchi and impact of the strong man in Rome (i.e. Marius, Sulla, Pompey), including the rise and fall of Julius Caesar and the transformation of Rome from Republic to Empire. In addition, the daily life of Romans, their religion, the role of women and architectural feats are outlined. In conclusion, comprehensive links to materials on the Julio-Claudian dynasty are presented. Objectives: To enrich students’ understanding of…. - The story of the founding of Rome with specific regard to myth of Romulus and Remus and the geographic factors contributing to the selection of the site of Rome on the banks of the Tiber. - The values of Republican Rome citing the stories of Romulus, Horatio and Cincinnatus - The nature of Roman expansion and military innovations which facilitated it - The main features of the Punic Wars and the formidable enemy Rome faced in Carthaginian General Hannibal - The strengths and weaknesses of republican Rome and reforms put forth by the Gracchi - The emergence of the strong man in history through the introduction of Marius and Sulla - The rise and fall of Julius Caesar and the implications for the republic - The problems emerging with Rome’s transformation from republic to empire - The daily life of a Roman with special regard to religion - The role of women in republican Rome - Some of the architectural accomplishments of ancient Rome - The beginnings of Imperial Rome and the strengths and weaknesses of the JulioClaudian dynasty with specific regard to emperors Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero Timeline of the Roman Republic http://www.legionxxiv.org/republictimeline/ The Founding of Rome A description of the mythical founding of Rome, from Aeneas to Numitor to Romulus. - http://www.historylink102.com/Rome/roman-founding.htm The Founding of Rome http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/cityofrome/p/RomeFounding.htm An image of an original bronze statue of the Capitoline Wolf suckling Romulus and Remus - http://www.flickr.com/photos/italiangerry/272386890/ http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/grecoromanmyth1/a/mythslegends_3.htm The story of the Sabine women - http://www.historylink102.com/Rome/romansabine-women.htm The Beginnings of Rome - http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey02.html Geographic Factors An overview of Italian geography http://library.thinkquest.org/26602/geography.htm Topography of Rome - http://www.mmdtkw.org/ALRItkwRom101BasicTopo.html Values in Republican Rome The story of the rape of Lucretia from Livy’s History of Rome http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/livy-rape.html Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, last king of Rome http://www.unrv.com/bio/lucius-tarquinius-superbus.php The Struggle against Kingship http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey06.html The Birth of the Republic – http://www.unrv.com/empire/birth-of-the-roman-republic.php The Roman Way of Declaring War, c. 650 BC by Livy http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/650livy1-34.html The Twelve Tables - http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/12tables.html The Struggle for Equality - http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey09.html The Roman Concepts of fides and virtus - http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/fides.html Checks and Balances in the Roman Republic, outlining the roles of the consuls, magistrates, senators and tribunes - http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/romebalance.html Statesmen of the Roman Republic, a chronological list of the leading statesmen and their major accomplishments from 509 - 43 BCE http://www.unrv.com/government/roman-leaders.php Romulus Kills his brother Remus! http://www.sfusd.k12.ca.us/schwww/sch618/RomanLinks/romulus.htm Romulus, by Plutarch - http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/romulus.html Horatius Cocles - http://www.livius.org/ho-hz/horatius/cocles.html The story of Cincinnatus http://www.leadershipnow.com/cincinnatus.html Roman Expansion The Conquest of Latium - http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey10.html The Conquest of Central Italy - http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey11.html The Conquest of Southern Italy http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey11.html Supremacy of Rome in Italy - http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey13.html The Conquest of Italy - http://www.unrv.com/empire/conquest-of-italy.php The Growth of Rome http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/romerepublic/qt/080807Rmnxpnsn.htm Map – The Rise of Rome, 380 BChttp://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/imgs/map4.html Map – The Rise of Rome, 270 BC http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/imgs/map5.html Map – Mediterranean World, 220 BC http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/imgs/map6.html Map of Roman Expansion, 500 – 240 BC http://www.historylink102.com/Rome/roman-map-500bc.htm Map of Roman Expansion, 280 – 30 BC http://www.historylink102.com/Rome/roman-map-30bc.htm Map – Conquest of Gaul, 52 BCE – http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/imgs/map9.html Mithridates and the Roman Conquests of the East, 90-61 BCE, by Polybius http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/mithradates1.html Conquests in the East, 200-133 BChttp://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey16.html Map – The Mediterranean World, 86 BCE http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/imgs/map8.html Map – Roman Empire, 25 BC http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/imgs/map10.html Map – Roman Empire, 8 AD http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/imgs/map12.html Reduction of Roman Conquests http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey17.html Military Innovations The organization of the Roman Republican Legion – http://www.unrv.com/military/roman-republican-legion.php The Roman Maniple vs. the Macedonian Phalanx, by Polybius http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-maniple.html The Ancient Warfare Articles of Smith’s Dictionary http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA/Warfare/h ome.html The Roman Army in the First Century, CE by Josephus http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/josephus-warb.html Medical innovations within the Roman Army http://www.mcatmaster.com/medicine&war/ancientrome.htm A List of Ancient Roman Inventions http://www.mariamilani.com/ancient_rome/ancient_roman_inventions.htm#List%20o f%20Ancient%20Roman%20Inventions Roman Infantry Tactics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_infantry_tactics%2C_strategy_and_battle_forma tions Roman Army Formations - http://historylink102.com/Rome/roman-armyformations.htm The Roman Fort - http://historylink102.com/Rome/roman-army-forts.htm The Punic Wars Carthage - http://www.livius.org/cao-caz/carthage/carthage.html The First Punic War - http://www.unrv.com/empire/first-punic-war.php The First Punic War - http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey14.html Map – The Second Punic War, 218-202 BC http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/imgs/map6.html The Second Punic War - http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey15.html The Carthaginian Attack on Sicily, 480 BC by Herodotus http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/480carthage.html Appius Claudius Caudex - http://www.livius.org/cg-cm/claudius/caudex.html The Battle of Cannae, 216 BCE by Polybius http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-cannae.html The Second Punic War – http://www.unrv.com/empire/second-punic-war.php The Third Punic War, 149-146 BCE by Polybius http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-punic3.html Rome at the End of the Punic Wars from Polybius’ History, Book 6 http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius6.html Maps detailing the Punic Wars - http://lexicorient.com/e.o/atlas/h-punic_wars.htm History of Carthage - http://www.carthage.edu/dept/outis/carthage1.html The Battle of Zama - http://www.roman-empire.net/army/zama.html Hannibal The Character of Hannibal from the Histories, Book IX, Chapters 22-26 by Polybius – http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-hannibal.html Hannibal Bio - http://www.livius.org/ha-hd/hannibal/hannibal.html Hannibal and Carthage- http://www.phoenician.org/carthage_hannibal_barca.htm History of Hannibal http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac55 Strengths and Weaknesses of Republican Rome Roman Republican Constitution http://www.utexas.edu/depts/classics/documents/RepGov.html The Struggle for Economic Rights http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey07.html The Struggle for Equal Laws - http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey08.html The Struggle for Political Equality http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey09.html Call for Reform: The Gracchi The Civil Wars – On the Gracchi, by Appian http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/appian-civwars1.html The Life of Tiberius Gracchus, by Plutarch http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/tiberius.html The Gracchi - http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/people/p/gracchi.htm The Gracchi Brothers - http://www.unrv.com/empire/gracchi-brothers.php Significance of the Gracchi - http://history.boisestate.edu/westciv/romanrev/10.shtml The Times of the Gracchi, Civil Strife in Rome http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey19.html The Strong Man in History Life of Marius – Caius Marius, by Plutarch http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/c_marius.html Life of Sulla - Sylla, by Plutarch - http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/sylla.html The Temporary Monarchy of Sulla http://history.boisestate.edu/westciv/romanrev/15.shtml Life of Pompey – Pompey, by Plutarch - http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/pompey.html The Legacy of Marius and Sulla http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey20.html The Times of Pompey and Caesar http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey21.html The Rise and Fall of Julius Caesar Caesar’s invasion of Britain, 55-54 BCE – http://www.athenapub.com/caesar1.htm The Assassination of Julius Caesar, from Marcus Brutus (excerpts), by Plutarch http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/plutarch-caesar.html Caesar, by Plutarch - http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/caesar.html Julius Caesar, Historical Background http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/caesar.html Conquest of Gaul - http://www.unrv.com/fall-republic/gaul-conquest.php Rome’s Transformation from Republic to Empire Life in Rome in the Late Republic, c. 63 BCE, by Sallust http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/63sallust.html The End of the Republic, by Tacitus - http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/tacitusann1a.html The Times of Antony and Octavian http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey22.html From Republic to Empire http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/romanpages.html Pharsalia, The Civil War by Lucan - http://omacl.org/Pharsalia/ Daily Life in Rome Weights and Measures - http://www.unrv.com/culture/roman-weights-measures.php Roman Calendar - http://www.unrv.com/culture/roman-calendar.php Saturnalia Convivia, III.13: The Bill of Fare at a Great Roman Banquet, 63 BCE, by Macrobius - http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/macrobius-3-13.html Roman Farming - http://historylink102.com/Rome/roman-farming.htm Ancient Roman recipes - http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~mjw/recipes/ethnic/historical/antrom-coll.html Slavery in the Republic – The Conduct and Treatment of Slaves, by Plautus http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/slavery-romrep1.html The Murder of Pedanius Secundus from the Annals of Tacitus ( the murder of an owner by his slave; the Senate tries to decide whether to kill all slaves in the household) - http://www.umich.edu/~classics/programs/class/cc/372/sibyl/db/TacAnn-xiv42to45.html A Letter Home of a Roman “University” Student, 44 BC http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/cicerojunior1.html Religion Dictionary of Roman Mythology - http://www.historylink102.com/Rome/romanreligion-dictionary.htm Roman Religion - http://www.unrv.com/culture/roman-religion.php Various accounts of personal religion, 430 BCE-300 CE http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/personalrelig.html A Roman View of the Afterlife – The Dream of Scipio from Cicero’s On the Republic - http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/180.html The Role of Women Women in Roman society - http://www.historylink102.com/Rome/roman-women.htm Materials for the Study of Women in the Ancient World http://www.stoa.org/diotima/ Legal Status of Women (a collection of ancient sources detailing laws, punishments, expectations) http://www.stoa.org/diotima/anthology/wlgr/wlgr-romanlegal.shtml Women in Ancient Rome http://www.womenintheancientworld.com/women_in_ancient_rome.htm Feminae Romanae, The Women of Ancient Rome http://web.mac.com/heraklia/Dominae/world_within/index.html Architecture Roman theaters http://www.historylink102.com/Rome/roman-theaters.htm Building Materials in Ancient Rome http://www.mariamilani.com/ancient_rome/rome_building_materials.htm Roman amphitheaters http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/Topics/Architecture /Structures/amphitheatres/home.html Aqueducts - http://www.historylink102.com/Rome/roman-aquaducts.htm Baths - http://www.historylink102.com/Rome/roman-baths.htm Silvae: II.2 A Roman Seaside Villa by Statius http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/statius-2-2.html Roman Waterworks http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/Topics/Engineering /waterworks/home.html Structure of Aqueducts in Ancient Rome http://www.mariamilani.com/ancient_rome/Roman_Aqueducts_structure.htm Columns in Ancient Rome http://www.mariamilani.com/ancient_rome/roman_columns.htm Bridges in Ancient Rome http://www.mariamilani.com/ancient_rome/Ancient_Roman_Bridges.htm Arches in Ancient Rome http://www.mariamilani.com/ancient_rome/rome_building_arches.htm The Roman Colosseum - http://historylink102.com/Rome/roman-coliseum-1.htm The Julio-Claudian Dynasty Julio-Claudian Imperial family tree http://www.historyinfilm.com/claudius/famtree.htm Selections from – Letters on the Rise of Augustus, by Cicero http://homepage.usask.ca/~jrp638/DeptTransls/CicLetters.html A diagram of the Roman government under Augustus – http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/spqr-under-augustus.gif The Deeds of the Divine Augustus, by Augustus http://classics.mit.edu/Augustus/deeds.html The Divine Augustus, by Suetonius http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suetonius-augustus.html The Reign of Augustus - http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey23.html The Julian Emperors - http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey24.html Augustus - http://www.roman-emperors.org/auggie.htm Tiberius - http://www.roman-emperors.org/tiberius.htm De Vita Caesarum:Tiberius, by Suetonius http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suet-tiberius-rolfe.html Caligula - http://www.roman-emperors.org/gaius.htm De Vita Caesarum: Caius Caligula – by Suetonius – http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suetonius-caligula.html Claudius - http://www.roman-emperors.org/claudius.htm Life of Claudius, by Suetonius - http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suetoniusclaudius-worthington.html Graves, Robert, I, Claudius, (London, 1934) Graves, Robert, Claudius the God, (London, 1934) De Vita Caesarum: Nero, by Suetonius http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suet-nero-rolfe.html Nero - http://www.roman-emperors.org/nero.htm Nero and the Great Fire, 64 CE from Roman History by Dio Cassius http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/diocassius-nero1.html The Burning of Rome, 64 AD - http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/rome.htm De Vita Caesarum: Divus Iulius (The Lives of the Caesars: The Deified Julius), by Suetonius - http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suetonius-julius.html Webquests Let’s Journey Back In Time To Ancient Rome! http://oncampus.richmond.edu/academics/education/projects/webquests/rome/ I Came, I Saw, I Conquered! http://www.librarybcds.com/6WQrome/6WQrome.html