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Transcript
STUDENT CHECKLIST C14 – Organic Chemistry At the end of this topic, you should: CORE SUPPLEMENT 14.1 Fuels Recall coal, natural gas and petroleum as fossil fuels that produce carbon dioxide on combustion. Name methane as the main constituent of natural gas. Describe petroleum as a mixture of hydrocarbons and its separation into useful fractions by fractional distillation. State the use of: Understand the essential principle of fractional distillation in terms of differing boiling points (ranges) of fractions related to molecular size and intermolecular attractive forces. refinery gas for bottled gas for heating and cooking. gasoline fraction for fuel (petrol) in cars. diesel oil/gas oil for fuel in diesel engines. 14.2 Introduction to organic compounds Identify and draw the structures of methane, ethane, ethene, and ethanol. State the type of compound present, given a chemical name ending in –ane, -ene, and –ol, or a molecular structure. Page 1 of 3 Describe the concept of homologous series of alkanes and alkenes as families of compounds with similar properties. Name, identify and draw the structure of the unbranched alkanes and alkenes (not cistrans), containing up to four carbon atoms per molecule. 14.3 Hydrocarbons Describe the properties of alkanes (exemplified by methane) as being generally unreactive, except in terms of burning. State that the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons, exemplified by methane, are carbon dioxide and water. Name cracking as a reaction which produces alkenes. Recognise saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons Describe the manufacture of alkenes by cracking. Describe the addition reactions of alkenes, exemplified by ethene, with bromine, hydrogen, and steam. Describe the formation of ethanol by the catalytic addition of steam to ethene. Describe macromolecules in terms of large molecules built up from small units (monomers), different macromolecules having different units. Draw the structure of poly(ethene). Describe the formation of a simple condensation polymer exemplified by nylon, the structure of nylon being represented as: from molecular structures. by their reaction with aqueous bromine. 14.4 Alcohols State that ethanol may be formed by reaction between ethene and steam. Describe the complete combustion reaction of ethanol. State the uses of ethanol as a solvent and as a fuel. 14.5 Macromolecules 14.6 Synthetic polymers Describe the formation of poly(ethene) as an example of addition polymerisation of monomer units. Page 2 of 3 14.7 Natural macromolecules Page 3 of 3 Describe proteins as possessing the same (amide) linkages as nylon but formed from the linking of amino acids. State that proteins can be hydrolysed to amino acids under acid or alkaline conditions. (Structures and names are not required).