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DNA and RNA Test – REVIEW
1. The monomers of DNA and RNA are nucleotides
2. RNA uses the sugar __ribose________________
3. RNA uses the nitrogenous base _uracil different from DNA
4. One RNA molecule can include 4 (adenine, Uracil, guanine and cytosine) different
nucleotides in its structure.
5. RNA molecules have _sugar/phosphate (ribose) backbone.
6. DNA uses the sugar _deoxyribose___________
7. DNA uses the nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine__________
8. One DNA molecule can include _4________ different nucleotides in its structure.
9. DNA molecules have a _sugar/phosphate (deoxyribose)___ backbone.
10. The shape of a DNA molecule is most like twisted rope ladder (double helix)_______
11. DNA replication is _semi-conservative – meaning that the daughter strands have 50% of the
parent strand_______
12. If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, the corresponding strand would be
__GCCATG________________
13. When one DNA molecule is copied to make two DNA molecules, the new DNA contains
__50%___________ of the parent DNA.
14.The "one gene-one polypeptide" theory states _the function of an individual gene is to
dictate the production of a specific polypeptide_______________
15. What is the sequence that best describes the flow of information when a gene directs the
synthesis of a cellular component?
DNA  RNA  Protein
16. translation is the “translating” of an mRNA sequence into an amino acid sequence
17. transcription is the “transcribing” of a DNA sequence into mRNA
18. "words" of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are made of what? 3
nitrogenous bases
19. What is a base substitution mutation? When a specific base is “switched” for a different
base
20. What is the enzyme that catalyzes the linking together of DNA nucleotides? DNA ligase
21. What is a stop codon? A code that terminates transcription and translation
22. Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells? cytoplasm
23. What is a mutation? Any change in DNA sequence
24. What is a mutagen? Anything that causes a mutation
25. Describe the Lytic cycle of a viral infection. Leads to the lysis (bursting) of the host cell
26. Describe the lysogenic cycle of a viral infection. Viral DNA infect the host cell, the host cell
then reproduces, passing on the infected DNA to daughter cells – DOES NOT CAUSE LYSIS
27. What is a virus that infects a bacteria called? phage
28. DNA and RNA are polymers of _nucleotides____
29. Adenine matches with _thymine (expect in RNA and then it matches with
Uracil)_____________
30. Guanine matches with _cytosine____________
31. What enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new strand of DNA? DNA polymerase
32. What is a nucleotide? A sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
33. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.
Be able to use a DNA sequence to transcribe an mRNA sequence and use that mRNA sequence
to determine the amino acid sequence. The Genetic Code Chart will be provided.
DNA: T A T G C A G G T A A G
mRNA: A U A C G U C C A U U C
AA:
ILE - ARG – PRO - PHE