Multilevel And Sex-Specific Selection On Competitive Traits In North
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online May. 4, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/104240. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online May. 4, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/104240. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
Reproductive isolation between two darter species is enhanced and
... and geographic races (Page, 1983). In Mendelson (2003), multiple reproductive isolating barriers and genetic distance were measured between 13 pairs of darter species, and behavioural isolation was found to have evolved faster and occasionally to completion. In contrast, post-zygotic isolating barri ...
... and geographic races (Page, 1983). In Mendelson (2003), multiple reproductive isolating barriers and genetic distance were measured between 13 pairs of darter species, and behavioural isolation was found to have evolved faster and occasionally to completion. In contrast, post-zygotic isolating barri ...
On the assignment of fitness to parents and offspring: whose fitness
... generation than the parental trait. We emphasize that traits, zo(t) and zm(t), are measured in the same individual but at two different times in its lifetime, whereas zm(t ) 1) is a character measured in the female parent. Because zm is not expressed in males by de®nition, the term bdzm(t) will be z ...
... generation than the parental trait. We emphasize that traits, zo(t) and zm(t), are measured in the same individual but at two different times in its lifetime, whereas zm(t ) 1) is a character measured in the female parent. Because zm is not expressed in males by de®nition, the term bdzm(t) will be z ...
... or specific – has been detected in various areas of science, which reinforces the need for detailed investigation of both the causes and effects of such obstacles in various areas of scientific knowledge. Although the theory proposed by Bachelard has been used mainly in the investigation of the deve ...
Unit 9 Chordates - Jamestown Public Schools
... When you consider their basic internal structure, all living fishes can be classified into 3 groups: jawless fishes, cartilaginous fishes, & bony fishes ...
... When you consider their basic internal structure, all living fishes can be classified into 3 groups: jawless fishes, cartilaginous fishes, & bony fishes ...
Mating behavior and the evolution of sperm design
... concluded that we “currently have only a rudimentary understanding of the adaptive significance of [the awe-inspiring variation in sperm form]” and that we “know very little about sperm behavior, particularly within the female reproductive tract” (9). The reason for this lack of understanding is that ...
... concluded that we “currently have only a rudimentary understanding of the adaptive significance of [the awe-inspiring variation in sperm form]” and that we “know very little about sperm behavior, particularly within the female reproductive tract” (9). The reason for this lack of understanding is that ...
When Is It Mutualism? - UCF College of Sciences
... modeled by Harder and Thomson (1989, their fig. 4d), for example, a flower that will receive 25 visits will do best if it allows each visitor access to only one-tenth of its grains. If an infinite number of visitors could be attracted, the perfect flower would bestow a single grain on each of them. ...
... modeled by Harder and Thomson (1989, their fig. 4d), for example, a flower that will receive 25 visits will do best if it allows each visitor access to only one-tenth of its grains. If an infinite number of visitors could be attracted, the perfect flower would bestow a single grain on each of them. ...
The Evolutionary Origin of the Vertebrate Body Plan: The Problem of
... vertebrae, such that the scheme could derive all vertebrate skulls. However, this scheme resulted in the construction of a monster-like figure not found in nature, because it was an assemblage of characteristics that represented both derived and ancestral traits. Thus, the arguments on the head segme ...
... vertebrae, such that the scheme could derive all vertebrate skulls. However, this scheme resulted in the construction of a monster-like figure not found in nature, because it was an assemblage of characteristics that represented both derived and ancestral traits. Thus, the arguments on the head segme ...
ASBA Yearlongplan Science 7
... Describe two human genetic disorders and how they are inherited. Explain how sex-linked traits are passed to offspring. Evaluate the importance of advances in genetics. Sequence the steps in making genetically engineered organisms. Chapter 12: Adaptation Over Time Content: Charles Darwin a ...
... Describe two human genetic disorders and how they are inherited. Explain how sex-linked traits are passed to offspring. Evaluate the importance of advances in genetics. Sequence the steps in making genetically engineered organisms. Chapter 12: Adaptation Over Time Content: Charles Darwin a ...
Indirect selection and individual selection in sociobiology: My
... interacting with evolutionary biology. I was lucky to be able to spend 1970 with David Lack at the Edward Grey Institute at Oxford. Lack convinced me never to compromise on trying to explain adaptations on the basis of pure individual selection. I also learned from him to use my common sense to inte ...
... interacting with evolutionary biology. I was lucky to be able to spend 1970 with David Lack at the Edward Grey Institute at Oxford. Lack convinced me never to compromise on trying to explain adaptations on the basis of pure individual selection. I also learned from him to use my common sense to inte ...
PeterMoranPhDThesis - St Andrews Research Repository
... populations. I test whether X chromosomes play a pronounced role in population divergence and reproductive isolation. Using close range mating trials and hybridization experiments I identify numerous pre-mating and post-mating barriers between the species. The results indicate that the species are c ...
... populations. I test whether X chromosomes play a pronounced role in population divergence and reproductive isolation. Using close range mating trials and hybridization experiments I identify numerous pre-mating and post-mating barriers between the species. The results indicate that the species are c ...
DARWIN`SDEBTTO PHILOSOPHY:AN
... ’ Op. cit. note 6, 104. ‘Deduction’ was a word used very loosely in the nineteenth century. One ...
... ’ Op. cit. note 6, 104. ‘Deduction’ was a word used very loosely in the nineteenth century. One ...
The Cell - Perry Local Schools
... Individuals in a population vary in their traits, many of which are heritable More offspring are produced than survive, and competition is inevitable Species generally suit their environment ...
... Individuals in a population vary in their traits, many of which are heritable More offspring are produced than survive, and competition is inevitable Species generally suit their environment ...
Wallace, Alfred Russel (1823-1913) - TopSCHOLAR
... many on multiple occasions. His efforts, drawing on perhaps 70 separate expeditions (requiring some 14,000 miles of island-to-island sailing in native crafts), reaped the astonishing harvest of 126,500 natural history specimens, including more than 200 new species of birds and well over 1000 new ins ...
... many on multiple occasions. His efforts, drawing on perhaps 70 separate expeditions (requiring some 14,000 miles of island-to-island sailing in native crafts), reaped the astonishing harvest of 126,500 natural history specimens, including more than 200 new species of birds and well over 1000 new ins ...
theodosius dobzhansky - National Academy of Sciences
... translocations and the study of sex determination. It led in 1935 to a formulation of the concept of (sexually reproducing) species still accepted today: "That stage of the evolutionary process at which the once actually or potentially interbreeding array of forms becomes segregated in two or more s ...
... translocations and the study of sex determination. It led in 1935 to a formulation of the concept of (sexually reproducing) species still accepted today: "That stage of the evolutionary process at which the once actually or potentially interbreeding array of forms becomes segregated in two or more s ...
Chapter 1
... • E.g. the discovery of the structure of DNA about 50 years ago led to a variety of DNA technologies. • Technology has improved our standard of living in many ways, but it is a double-edged sword. • Technology that keeps people healthier has enabled the human population to double to nearly 7 billion ...
... • E.g. the discovery of the structure of DNA about 50 years ago led to a variety of DNA technologies. • Technology has improved our standard of living in many ways, but it is a double-edged sword. • Technology that keeps people healthier has enabled the human population to double to nearly 7 billion ...
Evolutionary Psychology as Maladapted Psychology
... When Darwin finally turns to the topic of human evolution in The Descent of Man (1871), his defense should be seen against a historical backdrop in which there was skepticism about evolution as a naturalistic process, as well as skepticism concerning its applicability to human beings. There was also ...
... When Darwin finally turns to the topic of human evolution in The Descent of Man (1871), his defense should be seen against a historical backdrop in which there was skepticism about evolution as a naturalistic process, as well as skepticism concerning its applicability to human beings. There was also ...
Darwin - Thedivineconspiracy.org
... mismatches between the Darwin who is invoked by today’s biologists eager to defend their corner, and the Darwin who wrote the Origin of Species and the Descent of Man. Yet in spite of these differences, modern Darwinians regularly apply the concepts of modern evolutionary theory to the same issues – ...
... mismatches between the Darwin who is invoked by today’s biologists eager to defend their corner, and the Darwin who wrote the Origin of Species and the Descent of Man. Yet in spite of these differences, modern Darwinians regularly apply the concepts of modern evolutionary theory to the same issues – ...
Experimental evolution of multicellularity
... increases in biological complexity. All known multicellular organisms evolved from single-celled ancestors, most notably in the animals, land plants, and fungi. Take a moment to imagine the world without multicellular organisms. The most vibrant tropical rainforest would be reduced to little more th ...
... increases in biological complexity. All known multicellular organisms evolved from single-celled ancestors, most notably in the animals, land plants, and fungi. Take a moment to imagine the world without multicellular organisms. The most vibrant tropical rainforest would be reduced to little more th ...
Thinking About Evolutionary Mechanisms: Natural Selection
... Mechanisms are entities and activities organized such that they are productive of regular changes from start or set-up to finish or termination conditions. (MDC, 2000, p. 3) This brief characterization is fleshed out via the mechanisms of neuronal depolarization and the mechanism of protein synthesi ...
... Mechanisms are entities and activities organized such that they are productive of regular changes from start or set-up to finish or termination conditions. (MDC, 2000, p. 3) This brief characterization is fleshed out via the mechanisms of neuronal depolarization and the mechanism of protein synthesi ...
Skipper/Millstein, “Evolutionary Mechanisms” - Philsci
... Mechanisms are entities and activities organized such that they are productive of regular changes from start or set-up to finish or termination conditions. (MDC, 2000, p. 3) This brief characterization is fleshed out via the mechanisms of neuronal depolarization and the mechanism of protein synthesi ...
... Mechanisms are entities and activities organized such that they are productive of regular changes from start or set-up to finish or termination conditions. (MDC, 2000, p. 3) This brief characterization is fleshed out via the mechanisms of neuronal depolarization and the mechanism of protein synthesi ...
What can hybrid zones tell us about speciation?
... are maintained by hybrid inviability at many loci (Szymura & Barton, 1986; 1991). However hybrids are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the zone itself has been stable, probably since secondary contact about ten thousand years ago. Moreover, genetic differences between forms suggests that divergence ...
... are maintained by hybrid inviability at many loci (Szymura & Barton, 1986; 1991). However hybrids are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the zone itself has been stable, probably since secondary contact about ten thousand years ago. Moreover, genetic differences between forms suggests that divergence ...
Scientific abstract - UvA/FNWI
... growth rate and yield of 12 replicate populations (Figure 3a and b). However, assays of clones isolated from 4 focal populations after 20,000 generations of selection revealed conclusive evidence of a trade-off between the rate and yield of growth in all 4 populations (Figure 3c). Novak et al. (2006 ...
... growth rate and yield of 12 replicate populations (Figure 3a and b). However, assays of clones isolated from 4 focal populations after 20,000 generations of selection revealed conclusive evidence of a trade-off between the rate and yield of growth in all 4 populations (Figure 3c). Novak et al. (2006 ...
Genetic Mechanisms for Adapting to a Changing Environment
... Darwin’s The Origin of Species demonstrated the value of systematic and biogeographicstudies and, as a result, the analysis of genetic variation within and betweenspecies has continued to be a major research focus of evolutionary biologists for more than a century. Population biologists focused thei ...
... Darwin’s The Origin of Species demonstrated the value of systematic and biogeographicstudies and, as a result, the analysis of genetic variation within and betweenspecies has continued to be a major research focus of evolutionary biologists for more than a century. Population biologists focused thei ...
Introduction to evolution
Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms' observable traits. Genetic changes include mutations, which are caused by damage or replication errors in an organism's DNA. As the genetic variation of a population drifts randomly over generations, natural selection gradually leads traits to become more or less common based on the relative reproductive success of organisms with those traits.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Evolution does not attempt to explain the origin of life (covered instead by abiogenesis), but it does explain how the extremely simple early lifeforms evolved into the complex ecosystem that we see today. Based on the similarities between all present-day organisms, all life on Earth originated through common descent from a last universal ancestor from which all known species have diverged through the process of evolution. All individuals have hereditary material in the form of genes that are received from their parents, then passed on to any offspring. Among offspring there are variations of genes due to the introduction of new genes via random changes called mutations or via reshuffling of existing genes during sexual reproduction. The offspring differs from the parent in minor random ways. If those differences are helpful, the offspring is more likely to survive and reproduce. This means that more offspring in the next generation will have that helpful difference and individuals will not have equal chances of reproductive success. In this way, traits that result in organisms being better adapted to their living conditions become more common in descendant populations. These differences accumulate resulting in changes within the population. This process is responsible for the many diverse life forms in the world.The forces of evolution are most evident when populations become isolated, either through geographic distance or by other mechanisms that prevent genetic exchange. Over time, isolated populations can branch off into new species.The majority of genetic mutations neither assist, change the appearance of, nor bring harm to individuals. Through the process of genetic drift, these mutated genes are neutrally sorted among populations and survive across generations by chance alone. In contrast to genetic drift, natural selection is not a random process because it acts on traits that are necessary for survival and reproduction. Natural selection and random genetic drift are constant and dynamic parts of life and over time this has shaped the branching structure in the tree of life.The modern understanding of evolution began with the 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. In addition, Gregor Mendel's work with plants helped to explain the hereditary patterns of genetics. Fossil discoveries in paleontology, advances in population genetics and a global network of scientific research have provided further details into the mechanisms of evolution. Scientists now have a good understanding of the origin of new species (speciation) and have observed the speciation process in the laboratory and in the wild. Evolution is the principal scientific theory that biologists use to understand life and is used in many disciplines, including medicine, psychology, conservation biology, anthropology, forensics, agriculture and other social-cultural applications.