How to measure group selection in real
... most common mode of bacterial growth (compared to wellmixed planktonic populations). Bacteria living in biofilms are known to engage in many cooperative interactions, including the sharing of various ‘public goods’ such as extracellular enzymes. Biofilms also exhibit collective properties, such as a ...
... most common mode of bacterial growth (compared to wellmixed planktonic populations). Bacteria living in biofilms are known to engage in many cooperative interactions, including the sharing of various ‘public goods’ such as extracellular enzymes. Biofilms also exhibit collective properties, such as a ...
Predictors of dyadic friendship quality in
... and group (Rubin, Bukowski, & Parker, 1998). Important substantive phenomena have been investigated at each of these levels, resulting in a large body of knowledge on the developmental significance of peer relations. Methodologically and statistically, the study of dyads and groups must be considere ...
... and group (Rubin, Bukowski, & Parker, 1998). Important substantive phenomena have been investigated at each of these levels, resulting in a large body of knowledge on the developmental significance of peer relations. Methodologically and statistically, the study of dyads and groups must be considere ...
The influence of trait anxiety on information processing
... provides a model in which such research can be conducted and the effects of trait anxiety can be explored on a processing level. Cognitive load, based in limited capacity models, focuses on the mental effort required to achieve a task. In the case of persuasion, cognitive load could be related to p ...
... provides a model in which such research can be conducted and the effects of trait anxiety can be explored on a processing level. Cognitive load, based in limited capacity models, focuses on the mental effort required to achieve a task. In the case of persuasion, cognitive load could be related to p ...
Social Norms - Penn Arts and Sciences
... fulfilled by social norms, is important in order to understand the differences between social norms and other types of injunction, such as hypothetical imperatives, moral codes or legal rules. Another important issue often blurred in the literature on norms is the relationship between normative beli ...
... fulfilled by social norms, is important in order to understand the differences between social norms and other types of injunction, such as hypothetical imperatives, moral codes or legal rules. Another important issue often blurred in the literature on norms is the relationship between normative beli ...
Attitudes as Temporary Constructions
... Sometimes the way in which a question is asked influences the attitude people report, but not how they actually feel. Research on self-presentation has documented the powerful effects of situational variables on people's public reports of their feelings. A striking example of this was found in the 1 ...
... Sometimes the way in which a question is asked influences the attitude people report, but not how they actually feel. Research on self-presentation has documented the powerful effects of situational variables on people's public reports of their feelings. A striking example of this was found in the 1 ...
pdf file
... first important to look at habits and the process of habit formation. Habits are defined as everyday routines that have been formed to achieve particular goals in the past and persist in the absence of goals [50], and that predict our frequent and typical behaviour [36]. They are learned predisposit ...
... first important to look at habits and the process of habit formation. Habits are defined as everyday routines that have been formed to achieve particular goals in the past and persist in the absence of goals [50], and that predict our frequent and typical behaviour [36]. They are learned predisposit ...
2 Attitude Change and Persuasion
... important moderators of self-validation effects. Like source credibility, majority versus minority source status can affect persuasion by influencing the confidence with which people hold their individual thoughts. In one study, Horcajo, Petty, and Brifiol (2010) presented participants with a persua ...
... important moderators of self-validation effects. Like source credibility, majority versus minority source status can affect persuasion by influencing the confidence with which people hold their individual thoughts. In one study, Horcajo, Petty, and Brifiol (2010) presented participants with a persua ...
Looking Back in Time: Self-Concept Change Affects Visual
... their addiction because it ‘no longer was them’” (p. 177). These examples imply that the experience of thinking about a past self is influenced by the degree of consistency between that past self’s actions and the present self-concept. It is possible to relive a past experience in memory, focusing o ...
... their addiction because it ‘no longer was them’” (p. 177). These examples imply that the experience of thinking about a past self is influenced by the degree of consistency between that past self’s actions and the present self-concept. It is possible to relive a past experience in memory, focusing o ...
Attitudes - Ashton Southard
... categorizing it as an instance of a particular type of object activates the node corresponding to that type of object in memory After this initial activation, activation will “spread” from the object node to the evaluation node associated with it, in proportion to the strength of the association ...
... categorizing it as an instance of a particular type of object activates the node corresponding to that type of object in memory After this initial activation, activation will “spread” from the object node to the evaluation node associated with it, in proportion to the strength of the association ...
Testing the human superorganism approach to morality
... members who are essentially unrelated to one another (e.g., in tribal groups, or cities). [24] Recall that for a major transition to occur, fitness differences within groups must be suppressed so that selection at the level of the group becomes the primary evolutionary force at work. Ultrasociality ...
... members who are essentially unrelated to one another (e.g., in tribal groups, or cities). [24] Recall that for a major transition to occur, fitness differences within groups must be suppressed so that selection at the level of the group becomes the primary evolutionary force at work. Ultrasociality ...
Effects of a culturally relevant music education intervention on choir
... performer’s relationship with that particular culture contributes to the perceived value of its music. Western European formalists (e.g., Hanslick) had theorized that music could somehow exist outside of culture and could be assigned value as an entity by itself. McClary argued that not only is this ...
... performer’s relationship with that particular culture contributes to the perceived value of its music. Western European formalists (e.g., Hanslick) had theorized that music could somehow exist outside of culture and could be assigned value as an entity by itself. McClary argued that not only is this ...
resolving social conflicts
... barriers raised against him, especially if he feels that his aggressive efforts may be successful. The psychological situation of a minority group member is not unlike that of an adolescent who is never quite sure whether he is dwelling in the world of childhood or of adulthood. It is not surprising ...
... barriers raised against him, especially if he feels that his aggressive efforts may be successful. The psychological situation of a minority group member is not unlike that of an adolescent who is never quite sure whether he is dwelling in the world of childhood or of adulthood. It is not surprising ...
Social Science and Social Psychology: The
... and other critics (e.g., Hogan & Emler, 1978; Pepitone, 1981; Secord, 1986) have suggested that a more complex array of variables must be considered if behavior is to be understood and predicted, including social structure, social roles, situations, normative systems, historical ...
... and other critics (e.g., Hogan & Emler, 1978; Pepitone, 1981; Secord, 1986) have suggested that a more complex array of variables must be considered if behavior is to be understood and predicted, including social structure, social roles, situations, normative systems, historical ...
Responsibility for Implicit Bias
... activation (the presence of accessible associations) and application (the use or influence of those in decision making and action).3 It will be important when we come to consider for what individuals might be liable to blame. Finally, the associations in question are automatic, occurring without the ...
... activation (the presence of accessible associations) and application (the use or influence of those in decision making and action).3 It will be important when we come to consider for what individuals might be liable to blame. Finally, the associations in question are automatic, occurring without the ...
Norms of Trust - The University of Sheffield
... found in our attitudes towards truth-telling and believing others. This might be illustrated for truth-telling as follows. A native to this city you are approached by someone who is visibly a tourist and asked directions to the train station. Most would think it would be the wrong thing to do to mis ...
... found in our attitudes towards truth-telling and believing others. This might be illustrated for truth-telling as follows. A native to this city you are approached by someone who is visibly a tourist and asked directions to the train station. Most would think it would be the wrong thing to do to mis ...
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and the Taxonomy of the Implicit Social Mind
... of social groups, negative evaluations, feelings, and autonomic responses. Muddying the terminological waters is the fact that implicit prejudices, or implicit evaluations, are also often referred to in psychology as “implicit attitudes.” When we use the term “implicit attitudes,” we refer to the ge ...
... of social groups, negative evaluations, feelings, and autonomic responses. Muddying the terminological waters is the fact that implicit prejudices, or implicit evaluations, are also often referred to in psychology as “implicit attitudes.” When we use the term “implicit attitudes,” we refer to the ge ...
Here - Psychological Society of Ireland
... Welcome to the third Annual Student Congress supplement of The Irish Psychologist. We are very happy to mark such an important event in the psychology calendar again this year. For many of the students involved this is the first time their research has been formally disseminated to the community of ...
... Welcome to the third Annual Student Congress supplement of The Irish Psychologist. We are very happy to mark such an important event in the psychology calendar again this year. For many of the students involved this is the first time their research has been formally disseminated to the community of ...
The Role of Virtual Communities as Shopping Reference Groups
... interaction and public scrutiny of behavior [Brinberg and Plimpton 1986]. Virtual communities provide ample opportunities for social interactions, but due to their computer-mediated and text-based nature do not facilitate public scrutiny of behavior, with the exception of picture sharing or demonstr ...
... interaction and public scrutiny of behavior [Brinberg and Plimpton 1986]. Virtual communities provide ample opportunities for social interactions, but due to their computer-mediated and text-based nature do not facilitate public scrutiny of behavior, with the exception of picture sharing or demonstr ...
Understanding the Effect of Islamists` Online Persuasive
... In this study, the researcher aims to look at how people would react to Islamists’ online persuasive messages. This study is designed to measure the effects of two types of persuasive messages on people’s attitude changes and information seeking behavior. Participants were recruited from a diverse p ...
... In this study, the researcher aims to look at how people would react to Islamists’ online persuasive messages. This study is designed to measure the effects of two types of persuasive messages on people’s attitude changes and information seeking behavior. Participants were recruited from a diverse p ...
Reasoning and Natural Selection - Center for Evolutionary Psychology
... that could potentially falsify it. In the Wason selection task, a subject is asked to see whether a conditional hypothesis of the form "If P then Q" has been violated by any one of four instances, represented by cards. A hypothesis of the form "If P then Q" is violated only when "P" is true but "Q" ...
... that could potentially falsify it. In the Wason selection task, a subject is asked to see whether a conditional hypothesis of the form "If P then Q" has been violated by any one of four instances, represented by cards. A hypothesis of the form "If P then Q" is violated only when "P" is true but "Q" ...
Introduction - Russell Sage Foundation
... under attack. Critics (Rawls 1971; Elster 1999) argue that it is too rosy, on the one hand, and too bloodless, on the other: too rosy because it fails to anticipate the existence of malign norms like the duel, the feud, and the vendetta, too bloodless because it ignores the emotional bedrock that gi ...
... under attack. Critics (Rawls 1971; Elster 1999) argue that it is too rosy, on the one hand, and too bloodless, on the other: too rosy because it fails to anticipate the existence of malign norms like the duel, the feud, and the vendetta, too bloodless because it ignores the emotional bedrock that gi ...
Chapter 10 - Bakersfield College
... people have on the behavior of individuals and groups. But human beings are social creatures—we live with others, work with others, and play with others. The people who surround us all of our lives have an impact on our beliefs and values, decisions and assumptions, and the way we think about other ...
... people have on the behavior of individuals and groups. But human beings are social creatures—we live with others, work with others, and play with others. The people who surround us all of our lives have an impact on our beliefs and values, decisions and assumptions, and the way we think about other ...
Ideological Groups and the Internet Groups associated with religious
... less influenced by credibility and interactivity manipulations. Ideological views not as important to people were influenced to a greater degree by these website features. (e.g., church and state integration topic was more important to our participants than the immigrant rights topic). This suggests ...
... less influenced by credibility and interactivity manipulations. Ideological views not as important to people were influenced to a greater degree by these website features. (e.g., church and state integration topic was more important to our participants than the immigrant rights topic). This suggests ...
attitudes
... d. According to the principle of cognitive consistency, consumers value harmony among their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and they are motivated to maintain uniformity among these elements. People will change to remain consistent with prior experiences. 1) The theory of cognitive dissonance sta ...
... d. According to the principle of cognitive consistency, consumers value harmony among their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and they are motivated to maintain uniformity among these elements. People will change to remain consistent with prior experiences. 1) The theory of cognitive dissonance sta ...