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Heartworm Disease (Dirofilariasis) in Cats
Heartworm Disease (Dirofilariasis) in Cats

... making it unlikely that the infection will be passed along to other animals. Nonetheless, the resulting damage can be significant for the infected cat. ...
Hemorrhagic Fevers - Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit
Hemorrhagic Fevers - Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit

... without identified hemorrhagic manifestations are not reportable. ...
Disease Detectives 2014 Terms AGENT: A factor such as a
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... GRAM STAIN: common technique used to differentiate two large groups of bacteria based on their different cell wall constituents. The Gram stain procedure distinguishes between Gram positive and Gram negative groups by coloring these cells red (negative) or violet (positive). INCIDENCE: rate of occur ...
Infectious diseases
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... The disease is caused by a virus that is spread through the air or by close contact. It can also be transmitted to a fetus by a mother with an active infection. The disease is usually mild and may even go unnoticed. Children may have few symptoms, but adults may experience a prodrome (warning sympt ...
Chapter 17 : Health and Risk
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STD Testing Information
STD Testing Information

... painless genital sore which may appear 10-90 days after exposure. This sore the disappears but can be followed by a phase where the illness progresses without apparent symptoms. The test measures antibodies produced in response to the body being infected with the Syphilis bacterium. The average incu ...
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Lyme Disease
Lyme Disease

... The bacteria that causes Lyme disease is part of a natural cycle of the deer tick feeding on animals such as mice, opossums, dogs or deer. Certain stages of the tick, especially the nymph, can feed on a human and, if the tick is infected with the bacteria, can cause an infection in man. Cases of Lym ...
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Guidelines for the use and application of rodent end point score sheet

... The accompanying score sheet is designed as a basic or generic scoring system for the scoring of rodents. The sheets are designed to make the scoring system as objective as possible and list the cardinal clinical signs that are observable and measurable and should be used as a starting point for any ...
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... prevention”. In the mid- to long-term, this expression is to be replaced by “treatment and metaphylaxis”. The EMA recalls that a metaphylaxis claim will always have to be combined with a treatment claim. The word “prevention” open to interpretation In 2011, the EMA underlined that the term “preventi ...
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... —Discuss the differences between viruses, bacteria and fungi. (See well-known because it deals with the the sidebar, “What is a Germ?” included with this lesson.) roles that microbes have in human —Review “How Reliable Are Your Sources?” in the “Additional illness. Other types include veterinary Res ...
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... humans worldwide. Infection with the human specific strain of Hepatitis E during pregnancy has been linked to liver disease, maternal death, and fetal death. It is not known if the swine specific strain of Hepatitis E would have the same effect in pregnant women. Hygienic work practices and food pre ...
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... broiler flocks (and in some commercial layer operations) can minimize early infection, subsequent immunosuppression, or both. Breeder flocks should be vaccinated one or more times during the growing period, first with a live vaccine and again just before egg production with an oil-adjuvanted, inacti ...


... this case remained well after 21 days. Provided no further cases are identified by the 9th of October (42 days), Senegal will be considered disease free. In the USA (Dallas) one case was identified on the 30th September in an individual that had travelled from Liberia and developed symptoms after ar ...
Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 2nd ed.
Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 2nd ed.

... The virus is a mixing of four known strains of influenza A virus: one endemic in humans, one endemic in birds, and two endemic in pigs (swine). Transmission of the new strain is typically human-to-human; eating cooked pork products will not transmit the virus. ...
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Leptospirosis



Leptospirosis (also known as field fever, rat catcher's yellows, and pretibial fever among others names) is an infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. Symptoms can range from none to mild such as headaches, muscle pains, and fevers; to severe with bleeding from the lungs or meningitis. If the infection causes the person to turn yellow, have kidney failure and bleeding, it is then known as Weil's disease. If it causes lots of bleeding from the lungs it is known as severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome.Up to 13 different genetic types of Leptospira may cause disease in humans. It is transmitted by both wild and domestic animals. The most common animals that spread the disease are rodents. It is often transmitted by animal urine or by water or soil containing animal urine coming into contact with breaks in the skin, eyes, mouth, or nose. In the developing world the disease most commonly occurs in farmers and poor people who live in cities. In the developed world it most commonly occurs in those involved in outdoor activities in warm and wet areas of the world. Diagnosis is typically by looking for antibodies against the bacteria or finding its DNA in the blood.Efforts to prevent the disease include protective equipment to prevent contact when working with potentially infected animals, washing after this contact, and reducing rodents in areas people live and work. The antibiotic doxycycline, when used in an effort to prevent infection among travellers, is of unclear benefit. Vaccines for animals exist for certain type of Leptospira which may decrease the risk of spread to humans. Treatment if infected is with antibiotics such as: doxycycline, penicillin, or ceftriaxone. Weil's disease and severe pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome result in death rates greater than 10% and 50%, respectively, even with treatment.It is estimated that seven to ten million people are infected by leptospirosis a year. The number of deaths this causes is not clear. The disease is most common in tropical areas of the world but may occur anywhere. Outbreaks may occur in slums of the developing world. The disease was first described by Weil in 1886 in Germany. Animals who are infected may have no symptoms, mild symptoms, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may vary by the type of animal. In some animals Leptospira live in the reproductive tract, leading to transmission during mating.
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